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gross anatomy > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

internal auditory meatus is for

A

7, 8 cranial nerves and labyrinthine vessels

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2
Q

tympanic canaliculus

A

is on petrous temporal bone between the carotid canal and jugular fossa

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3
Q

petrotympanic fissure gives passage to

A

anterior tympanic artery, anterior ligament of malleus and chorda tympani nerve

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4
Q

stylomastoid foramen gives passage to

A

facial nerve and posterior tympanic artery

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5
Q

hiatus for greater petrosal nerve

A

gives passage to greater petrosal nerve ad middle meningeal artery

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6
Q

whats the canal for tensor tympani muscle

A

TEGMEN TYMPANI (also makes roof of middle ear and mastoid antrum)

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7
Q

end organ for hearing

A

organ of corti situated in the cochlear duct

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8
Q

what is crista

A

end organ is semicircular canal

it is a receptor for kinetic balance

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9
Q

static balance receptors are

A

macula end organs in utricle and saccule

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10
Q

different parts of auricle

A

helix, antihelix, tragus, concha and scaphoid fossa

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11
Q

nerve supply of auricle

A

lateral: upper 2/3rd auricotemporal nerve
lower 1/3rd greater auricular nerve
medial: upper: lesser occipital
lower: greater auricular nerve

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12
Q

blood supply of auricle

A

superficial temporal and posterior auricular

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13
Q

lymphatic drainage of auricle

A

preauricular

and postauricular

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14
Q

blood supply of externa acoustic meatus

A

the outer part is supplied by posterior auricular superficial temporal and inner part is supplied by deep auricular branch of maxillary artery

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15
Q

nerve supply of external acoustic meatus

A

anterior half by auricotemporal

posterior half by auricular branch of vagus nerve

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16
Q

lymphatics of external acoustic meatus

A

preauricular postauricular and deep cervical lymph nodes

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17
Q

three layers of the tympanic membrane

A

outer circular layer
middle fibrous layer which is radiating fibers and the circular fibers which are more at periphery and in the pars flaccida the fibrous layer is replaced by lose areolar layer
inner mucousa layer which have ciliated columnar epithelium

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18
Q

blood supply of tympanic membrane

A

outer surface: deep auricular branch of maxillary artery
inner surface: anterior tympanic branch of maxillary and posterior tympanic branch of stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery.

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19
Q

venous dranage of tympanic membrane

A

1- outer surface into external jugular

2. inner surface into transverse sinus into venous plexus around the auditory tube

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20
Q

lymphatic drainage of tympanic membrane

A

preauricular and retropharyngeal

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21
Q

nerve supply

A

outer surface: auricotemporal (anteroinferior)
auricular branch of vagus nerve and communicating branch from facial nerve (posterosuperior)
inner surface: tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal from tympanic plexus

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22
Q

ear cough

A

irritation of the auricular branch of vagus nerve in external ear can causes ear cough vomitting ot even death due to sudden cardiac inhibition

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23
Q

herpes zoster in ear

A

involved with geniculate ganglion and bewteen the auricular branch of vagus nerve and facial nerve within the petrous temporal bone

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24
Q

cauliflower ear

A

bleeding occurs between the perichondrium and auricular cartilage and if fibrosis occurs the hematoma stops the blood supply causing cauliflower ear

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25
Q

parts of middle ear

A

tympanic cavity opposite to tympanic membrane

epitympanic recess above the tympanic membrane

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26
Q

middle ear communications

A

anterioly with nasopharynx trough the auditory tube

posterior to the mastoid antrum and mastoid cells through the aditus

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27
Q

BOUNDARIES

roof or tegmental wall

A

middle ear cavity is seperated from the middle cranial fossa through the tegmen tympani which also bears the tensor tympani

28
Q

BOUNDARIES

floor ot jugular wall

A

the cavity is seperated from the superior bulb of internal jugular vein by a thin bony plate

29
Q

tympani canaliculis

A

transmits tympanic branch of glossopharayngeal to the medial wall of middle ear

30
Q

BOUNDARIES

anterior or carotid wall

A

superior part has opening for tensor tympani
middle part for auditory tube
inferior part makes theposterior wall of internal carotid
this late seperates the middle car cavity from the internal carotid artery

31
Q

carotid wall of middle ear is perforated by

A

inferior and superior caroticotymanic nerves and tympanic branch of internal carotid artery

32
Q

process cochleariformis

A

the septum between the opening of tensor tympani and auditory tube is continued in the medial wall as a lamina called as process cochleariformis
which also acts as a pulley for tensor tympani to move upwards to the handle of malleus

33
Q

BOUNDARIES

posterior or mastoid wall

A

opening from up to downwards
superiorly aditus that connects the recess epitympanic to mastoid antrum
below aditus fossa incudis which is a depression that lodges short process of incus
between the junction of medial and posterior wall u have a conical projection called pyramids which has the passage for the tendon of stapedius
lateral to pyramid you have posterior canaliculis for the chorda tympani that is the entry for nerves in the middle ear cavity

34
Q

lateral or membranous wall

A

seperates the middle ear cavity from the external acoustic meaturs
formed by tympanic membrane and petrous temporal bone in the region of epitympanic recess

35
Q

near the tympanic notch you have two apertures which are

A

petrotympanic fissure which lodes the anterior process of malleus and the tympanic branch of maxillary artery
and anterior canaliculis of chorda tempani nerve which is the exit for the nerves from middle ear cavity into the base of the skull

36
Q

tympanic branch of maxillary artery comes from

A

the petrotympanic fissure

37
Q

medial wall or labryrinthine wall

A
  1. promontory- round bulging produced by the first turn of cochlea grooved by the tymapnic plexus
  2. fenestra vestibuli- posteriorsuperior to promontory opening to the vestibuli of internal car and is closed by the foot plate of stapes
  3. fenestra cochlea- posterioroinferior to promontory opens into the scala tympani of cochlea and is closed by the secondary tympanic membrane
  4. promince of facial canal- below the fenestra vestibuli goes to the lower margin of aditus and then posterior to the stylomastoid foramina
  5. prominent of lateral semicircular canal above the facial canal
  6. sinus tympani behind the promontory
38
Q

contents of middle ear

A 
3 bones: incus malleus and stapes
ligaments of ear osscicles 
muscles- tensor tympani and stapedius 
nerves- chordo tympani and tympanic plexus 
air 
vessels
39
Q

longest and most laterally placed ossicle

A

meatus

40
Q

parts of malleus parts

A
  1. head- in the epitympanic recess
    post articulates with incus
    and attachement to lateral and superior ligaments
  2. neck lies againts the pars flaccida and medially associated with chorda tympani
  3. anteriorly is connected to petrotympanic fissure through anterior ligament
  4. laterally makes the malleolar folds
  5. head moves backwards and downwards and is attached to upper half of tympanic membrane
41
Q

incus or anvilparts

A

body- articulates with the head of malleus

long process- end of long process has a lentiform nodule that articulates with the head of stapes

42
Q

stapes parts

A

small head articulates with the lentiform nodule of incus
narrow neck provides attachment posterioly to stapedius
two limbs- anterior short and less curved
posterior attached to footplate
footplate- fits into the fenestra vestibuli

43
Q

joint of the ossicles

A

incudomalleolar- saddle joint

incudostapedius- ball and socket joint

44
Q

tensor tympani is supplied by and embryonic origin

A 
mandibular nerve (fibers pass through the nerve to pterygoid and then to otic ganglion
mesoderm of first brachial arch
45
Q

stapedius nerve supply and embryonic origin

A

facial nerve

and mesoderm 2nd brachial arch

46
Q

arterial supply of middle ear

A

anterior tympanic branch of maxillary artery (pterotympanic fissure)
posterior tympanic branch of stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery (stylomastoid foramen)
petrsol and superior tympanic branch of middle meningeal artery
ascending phrangeal artery
tympanic branches of internal carotid artery

47
Q

venous drainage of middle car

A

superior petrosal sinus and pterygoid plexus of veins

48
Q

lymph drainage of middle ear

A

pre auricular and retropharangeal

49
Q

nerves

A

tympanic plexus
which is made by
tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
gives off lesser petrosal nerve
supplies the middle ear, auditiry tube and mastoid antrum
inferior and superior caroticotympanic nerves from the plexus around internal carotid (vasomotor to the moucous membrane)

50
Q

what is mastoid antrum

A

circular air filled cavity posteriorly to petrous temporal bone

51
Q

boundaries of masoid antrum

A

superiorly- tegmen tympani
inferiorly- mastoid process with mastoid cells
ant- communicates with the epitympanic recess through aditus
posteriorly- thin bony plate seperates it from sigmoid sinus
medially- petrous temporal bone
laterally- squamous temporal bone

52
Q

arterial and venous drainage of mastoid antrum

A

arterial: posterior tympanic branche from the stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery
venois: mastoid emissary vein and posterior auricular vein and sigmoid sinus

53
Q

lymphatics of mastoid antrum

A

upper deep cervical and postauricular

54
Q

fracture of middle cranial fossa causes what

A

the fracture of the roof of middle ear and rupture of tympanic membrane causes bleeding and leakage of csf

55
Q

otitis media and its spread

A

when infection from throat spreads into the ear through the audiotory tube

  • erodes roof and causes meningitis and brain abscess
  • erodes floor and can cause sigmoid or internal jugular thrombosis
  • spreads backwards can cause mastoid abscess
56
Q

eustachian catarrh

A

inflammation of auditory tube is secondary to common cold which may cause pain in the ear while swallowing- decongestant

57
Q

cause of deafness

A

osteosclerosis between foot plate of stapes and fenestra vestibulli

58
Q

hyper acusis

A

paralysis of stapedius muscles causing distorted sounds and get too high in volume

59
Q

internal ear

A

labyrinth is formed by bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth which as the endolymph and both of them separated by perilymph

60
Q

3 parts of bony labyrinth

A

ant cochlea
middle vestibule
post semicircular canal

61
Q

receptors for sound: organ of corti

A

static balance

62
Q

receptors for sound: maculae

A

static balance

63
Q

receptors for sound: cristae

A

kinetic balance

64
Q

blood supply of labyrinth

A

labyrinth branches of basiliar artery which is accompained by vestibulochochlear nerve
and also by the stylomastoid branch of post auricular artery

65
Q

labyrinth vein drains into

A

superior petrosal sinus and transverse sinus

also from other places into inf and superior petrosal sinus and internal jugular vein

gross anatomy (16 decks)

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