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gross anatomy > nose and paranasal sinuses > Flashcards

nose and paranasal sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

upper 1/3rd of nose has what mucosa

A

olfactory mucosa

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2
Q

olfactory mucosa has special receptors called

A

olfactory cells

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3
Q

the external nose framework is made up of

A

partly bone and partly cartilaginous

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4
Q

bones involved in making of external nose

A

nasal bone, frontal process of maxilla

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5
Q

cartilages involved in making of external nose

A

inferior and superior nasal cartilages

septal cartilage and alar cartilages

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6
Q

skin over the external nose is supplied by

A

external nasal, infratrochlear, infraorbital nerve

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7
Q

the roof of nasal cavity is made up of

A
  1. the middle horizontal part is made up of cribriform plate of ethmoid
  2. anterior slope is made up of nasal part of frontal bone, nasal bone and nasal cartilages
  3. posterior slope is made up of inferior surface of the body of sphenoid
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8
Q

the floor of the nasal cavity is made up of

A

palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of the palatine bone

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9
Q

which sinus is common for infections

A

maxillary sinus

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10
Q

csf rhinorrhea

A

fracture of cribriform plate cause rupture of meninges and may cause rupture of olfactory nerve rootlets and leakage of csf into nasal cavity

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11
Q

what is nasal septum and what membreane does it have?

A

osteocartilaginous partition which makes the median wall of one nasal cavity and it has mucous membrane

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12
Q

bones and cartilages involved in making of nasal septum

A

BONES:

  1. vomer
  2. perpendicular plate of ethmoid and margins from nasal spine of frontal bone, rostrum of sphenoid, nasal crest of nasal bone and palatine and maxillary bones
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13
Q

arterial supply of nasal septum:

anteriorsuperior part

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery

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14
Q

arterial supply of nasal septum:

anteroinferior part

A

labial branch of facial artery

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15
Q

arterial supply of nasal septum:

posteriorsuperior part

A

sphenopalatine artery (main artery)

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16
Q

arterial supply of nasal septum:

posteriorinferior part

A

greater palatine artery

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17
Q

kiesselbach’s plexus

A

at the anterior inferior part the septum has anastomoses b/w labial branch of facial artery, greater palatine, sphenopalatine to form a plexus called as kiesselbach’s plexus which is prone to epistaxis

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18
Q

venous drainage of septum

A

venous drainage is from littles area
anteriorly into facial vein
posteriorly into sphenopalatine vein to pterygoid venous plexus

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19
Q

general nerve supply of septum is done by

A

arsises from trigeminal nerve

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20
Q

nerve supply of nasal septum anteriorsuperior

A

internasal anterior ethmoidal nerve

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21
Q

nerve supply of nasal septum

anteriorinferior

A

anterior superior alveolar nerve

22
Q

nerve supply of nasal septum

posteriorsuperior

A

medial posterior superior nasal branch of pterygo palatine ganglion

23
Q

nerve supply of nasal septum

posterior inferior

A

naso palatine branch of pterygopalatine ganglion (main nerve)

24
Q

lymphatic drainage of nasal septum

A

anterior half submandibular nodes

posterior half retropharyngeal and deep cervical nodes

25
Q

conchae and function

A

shelf like bony projections on the lateral wall of nose

increases surface area for air conditioning

26
Q

lateral wall separates the nose:

A

orbit above with ethmoidal air sinus
maxillary sinus below
nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal duct in front

27
Q

3 parts the lateral wall is divides into

A

anterior soft part called vestibule and has vibrissae
middle part called atrium of the middle meatus
posterior part called as the conchae

28
Q

bony part of lateral wall

A

nasal
frontal process of maxilla
lacrimal
labyrinth of ethmoid with superior and middle nasal conchae
inferior nasal conchae made by spongy bones
perpendicular plate of palatine bone with its orbital and sphenoidal process
medial pterygoid plate

29
Q

3 nasal conchae

A

inferior nasal conchae is an independent bone

superior and middle nasal conchae are projection from the medial part of the labyrinth of ethmoid

30
Q

what are meatuses

A

passages below the conchae that communicate with the nasal proper

31
Q

inferior meatus

A

its the largest of the meatus
has nasolacrimal duct opening at its junction at anterior 1/3rd and posterior 2/3rds
and is guarded by a lacrimal fold called as hasners valve

32
Q

middle meatus

A
  1. ethmoidal bulla: which is rounded elevation of the underlying ethmoidal sinus at the upper margin of bulla
  2. hiatus semilunaris is a semicurcilar sulcus bellow the bulla
  3. infundibulum: passageway at the anterior part of hiatus semilunaris
  4. frontal air sinus open as the anterior part of hiatus
  5. anterior ethmoidal air sinus opens behind the frontal air sinus
  6. maxillary air sinus open posterior part of the hiatus
33
Q

superior meatus

A

small

annd has the opening of posterior ethmoidal sinus

34
Q

sphenoethmoidal recess

A

triangular fossa above superior conchae that has the opening to sphenoidal air sinus

35
Q

venous drainage of conchae and meatus

A

anteriorly to facial vein
posteriorly to pharyngeal plexus of vein
and pterygoid venous plexus

36
Q

nerve supply of conchae and meatus

A

anteriorsuperior: anterior ethmoidal nerve branch of ophthalmic nerve
anteriorinferior: anterior superior alveolar nerve branch of IO nerve continuation of maxillary nerve
posteriorsuperior: lateral posterior superior nasal branch from pterygopalatine ganglion
posteriorinferior: anterior palatine branch for pterygopalatine ganglion

37
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

hypertrophy of mucosa over the inferior nasal conchae causes allergic rhinitis
(sneezing, discharge of fluid)

38
Q

frontal air sinus location

A

in the frontal bone
deep into the supraciliary arch and extends upwards to median end of eyebrow and backwards to median end of the root of the orbit

39
Q

frontonasal sinus opens

A

in the middle meatus

- at the anterior end of the hiatus semilunaris through the infundibulum or the frontonasal duct

40
Q

sinuses developmental age

A

7-8 years

fully at puberty

41
Q

arterial
venous
lymphatic
nerve supply of frontal air sinus

A

aterial: supraorbital
venous: supraorbital and superior opthalmic veins
lymphaic: submandibular
nerve: supraorbital nerves

42
Q

location of maxillary sinus and shape and base and apex location

A

in the maxillary bone

pyramidal shape with its base at the lateral wall of nose and apex at the zygomatic process of maxilla

43
Q

opening

A

middle meatus at the lower end of hiatus semilunaris

the opening is usually at the roof

44
Q

the roof and floor of maxillary sinus is made by what bones

A

roof is made by the floor of the orbit (IO nerve)

and floor is made by the alveolar process of maxilla

45
Q

which sinus is first to develop

A

maxillary sinus

46
Q

arterial
venous
lymphatic
nerve supply of maxillary air sinus

A

arterial; facial, IO and greater palatine
venous: facial and pterygoid venous plexus
lymphatic: submandibular
nerve supply: posterior superior alveolar branches of maxillary nerve
middle and anterior superior alveolar branches of infraorbital nerve

47
Q

location and opening of sphenoidal air sinus

A

sphenoid bone

opens into sphenopalatine recess

48
Q

arterial
venous
lymphatic
nerve supply of sphenoidal air sinus

A

arterial: posterior ethmoidal and internal carotid
venous: PTERYGOID venous plexus and cavernous sinus
lymphatic: retropharyngeal
nerve supply: posterior ethmoidal and orbital branches of pterygopalatine ganglion

49
Q

anterior ethmoidal sinus location and supply and lymph

A

1-11 air cells
opens at the anterior end of hiatus semilunaris
anterior ethmoidal nerve and arteries
and submandibular nodes

50
Q

middle ethmoidal sinus locationa nd supply and lymph

A

in the middle meatus
anterior ethmoidal nerve and vessels and orbital branch of pterygopalatine ganglion
submandibular nodes

51
Q

posterior ethmoidal sinus location supply lymph

A

at the superior meatus
posterior ethmoidal nerves and vessels
orbital branch of pterygopalatine ganglion
retrophyrngeal nodes

gross anatomy (16 decks)

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