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DT GCSE > SB.9 Textiles > Flashcards

SB.9 Textiles Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural fibres from ANIMAL sources: silk

A

Silkworms spin their cocoon which produces a long single strand of silk, held tg w natural gum. Cocoons are cleaned & softened to remove gum & unravelled into long threads

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2
Q

Natural fibres from ANIMAL sources: wool

A

Sourced from sheeps, goats, rabbits & camelids. Sheep are shorn to remove their fleece. The wool is then washed. Carding to straighten the naturally curly wool fibres. Spun into suitable mat for weaving or knitting

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3
Q

Natural fibres from PLANT sources: cotton

A

Cotton plants grown in warm climates. Seedpods from the plant are called bolls. Bolls ripen & burst open to reveal fluffy ball of cotton. Balls are harvested, cleaned & readied for weaving

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4
Q

Natural fibres from PLANT sources: linen

A

Made from cellulose fibres that grow inside stalks of flax plant. Flax is pulled rather than cut. Left outside to rest & dry, before baling. Fibres are separated from stems to leave pure fibre

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5
Q

MAN-MADE fibres: elastane

A

Excellent tensile strength, elasticity & shape retention. Lightweight & fast drying

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6
Q

MAN-MADE fibres: polyamide or nylon

A

Fibres are elastic, tough, abrasion res yet smooth & soft. Easy to wash & dye

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7
Q

MAN-MADE fibres: polyester

A

Fibres are strong, elastic, good crease res. Polyester spun w other fibres to produce polycotton - lightweight & less likely to wrinkle

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8
Q

Textile: acrylic

A

Soft, warm, fade res. Can be blended w other finres
Uses: soft toys

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9
Q

Textile: linen

A

Strong, durable, creases easily
Uses: cloths

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10
Q

Modification of textile properties: flame retardants

A

Fabrics can be chemically treated to make them more res to fire. Fabrics tested strictly to ensure they are safe for use in home or public. Items sold w ‘fire resistant’ label indicates they meet British Standards

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11
Q

Modification of textile properties: laminated fabrics

A

Lamination fuses 2 or more layers of fabric tg w heat, adhesives & pressure. Uses: outdoor clothing, rainwear

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12
Q

Common cutting tools: tailor shears

A

Used to cut fabrics. The long blades help make cutting straight easier/faster

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13
Q

Common cutting tools: pinking shears

A

Used to cut mat prone to fraying. The zigzag edge can also be used as decorative finish

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14
Q

Common cutting tools: rotary cutting wheel

A

Cuts accurate lines & curves on multiple layers of fabric

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15
Q

Common cutting tools: embroidery scissors

A

Small bladed scissors for delicate work & cutting threads

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16
Q

Commercial cutting tools: textile band saw

A

Fast/efficient method to cut out multiple layers of cloth in one pass

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17
Q

Commercial cutting tools: electric rotary cutting wheel

A

Speeds up process of cutting textiles

18
Q

Commercial cutting tools: laser cutter

A

CAM will drive a laser cutter to cut fabric. Very accurate & fast

19
Q

See images for what cutting tools look like

A
20
Q

Sewing: chain stitch

A

Chain & looped stitches used for decorative purposes

21
Q

Sewing: blanket stitch

A

Used on edges of fabrics to give a durable edge. Helps prevent fluffy strands coming away

22
Q

Sewing: overlock stitch

A

Created w a machine called overlocker. Used to create durable edge over two pieces of cloth.

23
Q

See images for diff types of stitches

A
24
Q

Pleating

A

Adds folds to a fabric to create volume & texture, increase ease of movement & add strength. See images for dresses

25
Q

Gathering

A

Sewing technique to manage fullness of a fabric & create shape. Used at waistband or cuffs

26
Q

Quilting

A

Process of sewing layers of fabric tg to form thick & warm structure. Made up if decorative top layer, wadding for thickness/warmth & simpler backing material.

27
Q

Disadv of pleating

A

Requires additional material which adds weight & cost
Production time

28
Q

Piping

A

Forms a trim to define edges of cushions, etc. Formed by folding strip of fabric over a length of piping cord & sewn along edge.

29
Q

Stock forms of textiles

A

Rolls of fabric
Ball of yarn
Reels of yarn: usually used for machine production

30
Q

Modern uses of textiles

A

Zips: 2 rows of interlocking teeth
Velcro: one side covered w tiny nylon hooks, other w tiny loops

31
Q

Natural dyes for fabric

A

Produced from plants, minerals. Produce diverse range of rich & complementary colours. Coloure may vary w each batch, inconsistent

32
Q

Synthetic dyes for fabric

A

Produce long lasting, consistent colours. Made from chemical resources, some are toxic

33
Q

Commercial dyeing

A

Continuous dyeing: large quantities of fabric on long rolls are machine fed producing large batches of same colour. Cost effective
Batch dyeing: smaller quantity of fabric dyed a specific colour. Enables manufacturers to respond quickly to request for particular colour

34
Q

Hand dyeing

A

Resists dyeing: prevents dye from reaching all of cloth. Wax used to resist dye. When fabric is washed to remove wax, undyed area reveals pattern
Tie-dye: twisting, folding fabric & holding in place w string. When cloth is dyed, folds act as barrier resisting dye from reaching all of fabric

35
Q

Screen printing

A

Screen is wooden frame w fine mesh fabric across it
Chosen design is set into mesh w a layer of light reactive emulsion, which hardens under light, producing desired stencil
Ink is poured over screen & pressed throught mesh to create design on fabric below

36
Q

Rotary sceen printing

A

Allows continuous production. Cylinder used instead of screen, each applying single layer of colour. Ink pumped through cyclinders, and as it rolls along fabric, a squeegee pushes ink out in controlled amounts

37
Q

Sublimation printing

A

Inks printed onto sublimation paper
Paper laid on the fabric & heat pressed
Heat turns ink in paper from solid to gas which penetrates the fibres of the fabric

38
Q

Block printing

A

Ink dipped blocks made of wood pressed onto fabric. Pattern can be cut into block leaving raised design

39
Q

Digital printing

A

Rolls of fabric fed through printer & ink is applied in form of thousands of tiny droplets. Heat & steam used to cure fabric after

40
Q

Weaving

A

Interlaces 2 sets of yarn at right angles to form fabric

41
Q

Finishing process of fabrics

A

Stain protection: adding stain res is chemical process which prevents liquids from attaching to fabric
Water repellency: silicon based chemicals added to fabrics
Embossing: fabric passed through heated, decorative rollers that will press design into cloth

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