SB.8 Tools & Processes Of Timbers, Metals & Polymers Flashcards
Before sawing & cutting
Mark out cutting lines
Clamp material securely or hold in vice to prevent movement
Drag saw backwards to create a nick which marks starting point
Wasting
Process of removing unrequired mat by cutting sections off a larger piece
Sawing & cutting: Rip/cross-cut saw
For cutting wood along or across grain
For: timber
Sawing & cutting: Tenon saw
Cutting shallow lines into small pieces of wood
For: timber
Sawing & cutting: Coping saw
Cutting curved lines through thin material
For: timber, plastic & thin metal
Sawing & cutting: Junior hacksaw
Fine toothed for cutting hard materials such as metal & plastic pipes
For: metal & plastic
See images for what saws look like
Sawing & cutting: Jig saw
Handheld power tool for making straight or curved cuts. Has narrow, reciprocating blade
For: timber, metal, plastics
Sawing & cutting: Sander
Consists of a wheel or pad, covered w abrasive paper. The wheel or pad soins or oscillates rapidly to remove waste material
For: timber
Sawing & cutting: Router
Handheld router cuts a shape by moving it through the material. Mat secured on cutting bed so only router moves
For: timber, plastic
Sawing & cutting: Planer
For shaping & smoothening by slicing off thin shavings of wood. Planing should follow direction of wood grain
For: timber
What are chisels
Hand tools used for carving, chipping, paring & cutting to shape wood. The long blade often has bevelled edge.
A carpenter will hit handle of chisel w mallet to create cutting force
Drilling: countersink bit
Cuts slightly larger hole to allow the head of the screw to sit flush or just below the surface of the material
Drilling: Flat bit
Wide, flat blade used for cutting larger diameter holes
Drilling: Hole saw
Cylindrical metal blade to cut bigger holes in timber, metal or plastic
Drilling: Centre punch
Used on metal to create a tiny mark or dent on surface. Helps to guide a drill & prevent drift
Drilling: bradawl
Marking & making holes accurately before drilling or screwing
Drilling: Twist bit
For creating holes in timber, metal, plastic
See images for what drills look like
What is abrading
Scraping or wearing away by friction
Abrading: wet & dry paper
An abrasive paper w a waterproof backing to allow use w water. Very smooth finish
Abrading: rasp
A corse file w individual teeth for shaping wood. Produces a rough surface which will need sanding
Abrading: file
Hand tool used to remove fine amounts of mat. Available in diff shapes & coarseness for range of surfaces
Abrading: sandpaper
Sheets of paper coated w an abrasive surface ranging from coarse to fine. Rubbed against surface to shape & smootj
See images for what abrading tools look like
Machine tools: belt sander
Long length of abrasive paper rotates. Workpiece can be pressed up against the abrasive surface to sand or to remove thick surfaces sa old paint
Machine tools: Band saw
A long continuous blade stretched between two wheels. They can be used for very large cuts or w a finer blade for cutting curves & shapes
Machine tools: pillar drill
Drill table is adjustable & a depth stop can be fitted to ensure holes are drilled to predetermined depth. Usually drills at 90degrees. Quick & accurate
Turning
Lathes commonly used for turning timbers or metals at speed. Whilst mat is spinning, a tool can be held against it to cut, sand & reform evenly around object.
