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DT GCSE > SB.4 Papers & Boards > Flashcards

SB.4 Papers & Boards Flashcards

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1
Q

What are papers & boards made from

A

Pulp

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2
Q

What is pulp

A

Mixture of water & cellulose fibres sourced from wood or certain plants (ie. Bamboo).

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3
Q

Softwoods also used to create pulp

A

Bc the fibres are longer, making paper stronger.
Softwood trees grow quickly.
Softwood has fewer impurities which require less processing to remove

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4
Q

Paper making process

A

Source material: trees cut & taken to paper mill. Timber is debarked & chipped
Pulp: chips are added to chemical solution to separate cellulose fibres, producing pulp
Pulp is pounded & squeezed. Chemicals added to alter opacity of paper. The end liquid is bleached to desired colour.
Sizing: liquid pulp mixed w additives to produce diff types of paper finish & sizing
Pulp to paper: pulp is fed onto mesh conveyor, passed through rollers to remove water
Calendaring: paper passes through calendar rollers, giving paper final finish

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5
Q

Recycling paper

A

Used paper & board is collected, graded & cleaned to remove inks & contaminants.
Can be used to make new paper, reducing landfill waste (ggs) and deforetation

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6
Q

Properties of paper & board for FLYERS/LEAFLETS

A

lighweight, low-grade paper. Bleed proof, short life span

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7
Q

Properties of paper & board for FOOD PACKAGING

A

Non-toxic, strong, waterproof or greaseproof. Corrugated card gives added rigidity, helping retain heat

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8
Q

Modification of properties for diff purposes

A

PAPER TOWEL: cant be treated w resins to retain towel’s structure when wet, preventing tearing
WHITE BOARD (food take-away): stiff board w wax coating or laminatedvw polyethylene
BAKING PARCHMENT: pulp passed through bath of sulfuric acid to gelatinise surface & make non-stick

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9
Q

Stock form

A

Form in which a product can be bought & stored ready for use

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10
Q

Stock forms of paper

A

Ply: layered sheets often in rolls
Rolls: used for continuous run by print industry for newspapers (high vol)
Sheets: used for offices & domestic use

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11
Q

Gsm of A4 paper

A

80gsm

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12
Q

Paper sizes

A

International Standards Organisation (ISO) set paper sizes.

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13
Q

Biggest paper size

A

A1

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14
Q

Binding methods

A

Used to hold tg larger quanitites of paper sa a brochure, book, or document

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15
Q

Eg of bindings

A

Perfect binding: used for books, pages are glued to cover to form spine
Slide binder: plastic spinebars that slide over edges of stack of paper to hold tg
Saddle stitch binding: used for thin books or notebooks. Thread or staple paper tg

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16
Q

Fasteners

A

Temporary ways of attaching paper & card tg

17
Q

Eg of fasteners

A

Split pin: placed into punched hole. Brass legs are separated to secure paper tg
Paper clip: steel wire bent into a loop to create 2 tongues, hold sheet between them
Staple: metal fastener used to attach sheets tg
Treasury tags
Binder clips

18
Q

Seals

A

Used to bond paper or card. Make envelopes or packages secure, lets ppl know smths unopened

19
Q

Eg of seals

A

Tamper-proof stickers: labels that self-destruct when peeled (unopened). Usefull for valuable packaging
Wax seal: melted wax hardens to form bond (old envelopes)
Peel & seal envelope: peal strip to reveal adhesive
Gummed envelope: strip of water-soluble glue (licking or moistening)

20
Q

Printing: Screen printing

A

A frame is covered w tight mesh (screen). Chosen design or text is set into mesh. Printing ink poured over screen & pressed through to create design on paper or fabric below.
Uses: stencil can be used multiple times so is efficient for producing batches of same designs. T-shirts

21
Q

Printing: Flexography

A

Accomodates wide variety of mats that dont need to be flat. High speed process for large print orders. Uses CMYK

22
Q

Printing: Gravure

A

Excellent print quality, fine details, used for high print volumes sa postage stamps, greetings cards

23
Q

Printing: Embossing

A

Creates raised design on paper surface whereas debossing creates recessed pattern. Paper is placed between two dies, one raised & one recessed. When paper is pressed between them, an impression is made.
Uses: medicine packaging might have braille labelling for blind

24
Q

Printing: Offset lithography/printing

A

Inked image is transferred from printing surface to a rubber blanket & then onto a flat printing surface sa paper. Ink rollers transfer the ink.
Uses: high vol uses, magazines, newpapers

25
Q

CMYK colour model in printing

A

Used for colour printing. Refers to 4 ink plates: cyan, magenta, yellow, key (black)

26
Q

Printing: digital printing

A

Includes inkjet & laser printers. Low vol, professional printing (eg, home, office). Uses CMYK

27
Q

Paper & board finishes: Varnishing

A

Clear coating onto surface. Prevents rubbing or scuffing eg. postcards. Also on playing cards to allow to slide easily

28
Q

Paper & board finishes: UV Varnishing

A

Gloss or matt coating to pick out a feature (eg, title in a book cover). Dried instantly under UV light

29
Q

Paper & boads finishes: Laminates

A

Thin, transparent plastic coating. Provides protection from grease & moist.

30
Q

Shaping & forming paper

A

See images

31
Q

Scoring paper

A

Partially cuts througth mat, not all the way. Enables crisp, flawless fold. Also used on thicker boards to allow to fold easier

32
Q

Eg of scoring paper

A

Cutting mat: safe, anti-slip, self-healing mat to protect work surfaces
Maun safety rule: rule has ‘M’ profile, keeps fingers away from a knife when scoring paper
Creasing machine: evenly creases mat so can be folded cleanly w/o cracking

33
Q

Die cutting (paper)

A

Sheet of paper fed into die cutter. The paper is sandwiched between the base plate & die cutter (metal in shape of desired pattern/design). Pressure is applied to cut out the chosen design, sharp edges of steel-rule cut paper or board.

34
Q

Creasing & folding paper

A

Creasing & folding crushes fibres of paper/board & adds permanent mark to enable shapes to be formed (eg, origami). Used in bulk packaging, creases ready for assembly (machinery used to ensure consistent fold each time)

35
Q

Quality control of paper: registration marks

A

Marks printed on outer edge of a commerically printed item. They are printed using every colour of CMYK. If printing is acurrate it should overlap precisely so the mark is entirely black. If marks are slightly out of register or offset, colour will show

36
Q

Quality control of paper: colour bars

A

Used to measure various aspects of a printed item sa ink density & mis-alignment

DT GCSE (29 decks)

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