SB.4 Papers & Boards Flashcards
What are papers & boards made from
Pulp
What is pulp
Mixture of water & cellulose fibres sourced from wood or certain plants (ie. Bamboo).
Softwoods also used to create pulp
Bc the fibres are longer, making paper stronger.
Softwood trees grow quickly.
Softwood has fewer impurities which require less processing to remove
Paper making process
Source material: trees cut & taken to paper mill. Timber is debarked & chipped
Pulp: chips are added to chemical solution to separate cellulose fibres, producing pulp
Pulp is pounded & squeezed. Chemicals added to alter opacity of paper. The end liquid is bleached to desired colour.
Sizing: liquid pulp mixed w additives to produce diff types of paper finish & sizing
Pulp to paper: pulp is fed onto mesh conveyor, passed through rollers to remove water
Calendaring: paper passes through calendar rollers, giving paper final finish
Recycling paper
Used paper & board is collected, graded & cleaned to remove inks & contaminants.
Can be used to make new paper, reducing landfill waste (ggs) and deforetation
Properties of paper & board for FLYERS/LEAFLETS
lighweight, low-grade paper. Bleed proof, short life span
Properties of paper & board for FOOD PACKAGING
Non-toxic, strong, waterproof or greaseproof. Corrugated card gives added rigidity, helping retain heat
Modification of properties for diff purposes
PAPER TOWEL: cant be treated w resins to retain towel’s structure when wet, preventing tearing
WHITE BOARD (food take-away): stiff board w wax coating or laminatedvw polyethylene
BAKING PARCHMENT: pulp passed through bath of sulfuric acid to gelatinise surface & make non-stick
Stock form
Form in which a product can be bought & stored ready for use
Stock forms of paper
Ply: layered sheets often in rolls
Rolls: used for continuous run by print industry for newspapers (high vol)
Sheets: used for offices & domestic use
Gsm of A4 paper
80gsm
Paper sizes
International Standards Organisation (ISO) set paper sizes.
Biggest paper size
A1
Binding methods
Used to hold tg larger quanitites of paper sa a brochure, book, or document
Eg of bindings
Perfect binding: used for books, pages are glued to cover to form spine
Slide binder: plastic spinebars that slide over edges of stack of paper to hold tg
Saddle stitch binding: used for thin books or notebooks. Thread or staple paper tg
Fasteners
Temporary ways of attaching paper & card tg
Eg of fasteners
Split pin: placed into punched hole. Brass legs are separated to secure paper tg
Paper clip: steel wire bent into a loop to create 2 tongues, hold sheet between them
Staple: metal fastener used to attach sheets tg
Treasury tags
Binder clips
Seals
Used to bond paper or card. Make envelopes or packages secure, lets ppl know smths unopened
Eg of seals
Tamper-proof stickers: labels that self-destruct when peeled (unopened). Usefull for valuable packaging
Wax seal: melted wax hardens to form bond (old envelopes)
Peel & seal envelope: peal strip to reveal adhesive
Gummed envelope: strip of water-soluble glue (licking or moistening)
Printing: Screen printing
A frame is covered w tight mesh (screen). Chosen design or text is set into mesh. Printing ink poured over screen & pressed through to create design on paper or fabric below.
Uses: stencil can be used multiple times so is efficient for producing batches of same designs. T-shirts
Printing: Flexography
Accomodates wide variety of mats that dont need to be flat. High speed process for large print orders. Uses CMYK
Printing: Gravure
Excellent print quality, fine details, used for high print volumes sa postage stamps, greetings cards
Printing: Embossing
Creates raised design on paper surface whereas debossing creates recessed pattern. Paper is placed between two dies, one raised & one recessed. When paper is pressed between them, an impression is made.
Uses: medicine packaging might have braille labelling for blind
Printing: Offset lithography/printing
Inked image is transferred from printing surface to a rubber blanket & then onto a flat printing surface sa paper. Ink rollers transfer the ink.
Uses: high vol uses, magazines, newpapers
CMYK colour model in printing
Used for colour printing. Refers to 4 ink plates: cyan, magenta, yellow, key (black)
Printing: digital printing
Includes inkjet & laser printers. Low vol, professional printing (eg, home, office). Uses CMYK
Paper & board finishes: Varnishing
Clear coating onto surface. Prevents rubbing or scuffing eg. postcards. Also on playing cards to allow to slide easily
Paper & board finishes: UV Varnishing
Gloss or matt coating to pick out a feature (eg, title in a book cover). Dried instantly under UV light
Paper & boads finishes: Laminates
Thin, transparent plastic coating. Provides protection from grease & moist.
Shaping & forming paper
See images
Scoring paper
Partially cuts througth mat, not all the way. Enables crisp, flawless fold. Also used on thicker boards to allow to fold easier
Eg of scoring paper
Cutting mat: safe, anti-slip, self-healing mat to protect work surfaces
Maun safety rule: rule has ‘M’ profile, keeps fingers away from a knife when scoring paper
Creasing machine: evenly creases mat so can be folded cleanly w/o cracking
Die cutting (paper)
Sheet of paper fed into die cutter. The paper is sandwiched between the base plate & die cutter (metal in shape of desired pattern/design). Pressure is applied to cut out the chosen design, sharp edges of steel-rule cut paper or board.
Creasing & folding paper
Creasing & folding crushes fibres of paper/board & adds permanent mark to enable shapes to be formed (eg, origami). Used in bulk packaging, creases ready for assembly (machinery used to ensure consistent fold each time)
Quality control of paper: registration marks
Marks printed on outer edge of a commerically printed item. They are printed using every colour of CMYK. If printing is acurrate it should overlap precisely so the mark is entirely black. If marks are slightly out of register or offset, colour will show
Quality control of paper: colour bars
Used to measure various aspects of a printed item sa ink density & mis-alignment
