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DT GCSE > SA.6 Materials & Working Properties > Flashcards

SA.6 Materials & Working Properties Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical properties

A

Of any material can be measured in their natural state

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2
Q

Phys: density

A

The mass per unit volume of any material

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3
Q

Phys: Fusibility

A

Ability of a material to be converted from solid to liquid by heat & combined w another mat

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4
Q

Working properties

A

Describes how a material respons when manipulated or worked

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5
Q

Working: ductility

A

Ability opto be stretched or drawn apart w/o breaking

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6
Q

Working: elasticity

A

Ability to return to og shape after stretching or compression

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7
Q

Working: hardness

A

Ability to withstand impact, wear, abrasion & indentation

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8
Q

Working: malleability

A

Ability to be bent & shaped w/o cracking

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9
Q

Working: strength

A

Ability to withstand forces sa pressure, compression, tension

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10
Q

Working: toughness

A

Ability to absorb shock w/o fracturing

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11
Q

What is paper measured in

A

Weight in grams per square metre (GSM)

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12
Q

Paper: Layout

A

Medium opacity sheet w a smooth finish
Uses: sketch & design work

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13
Q

Paper: Tracing

A

Off white, low opacity sheet
Uses: copying overlays, tracing drawings

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14
Q

Paper: Catridge

A

Thick white paper w textured surface
Uses: sketching watercolours, ink drawings

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15
Q

Paper: Bleed proof

A

Thick, coated paper that prevents inks or marker pens bleeding
Uses: high quality illustrations w vibrant colours

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16
Q

Paper: Grid

A

White paper w a printed grid of squares. Isometric lines or other patterns
Uses: scale drawings, scientific diagrams

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17
Q

What is card & board measure in

A

Microns

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18
Q

Card & board: Corrugated card

A

2 layers of lightweight card containing a fluted layer for strength
Uses: packaging for protection, insulation

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19
Q

Card & boards: Foil-lined

A

Card coated w aluminium foil in one side. Foil retains heat keeping contents warm, moist
Uses: takeaway containers

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20
Q

Card & board: Duplex

A

2 layers of card bonded tg, often w a white external layer
Uses: food, drink containers

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21
Q

Card & board: Foam core

A

An inner foam core w a paper face. Rigid, stiff
Uses: model making

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22
Q

Card & board: Ink jet

A

Treated card w smooth finish & bleed proof surfaces
Uses: printing photographs

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23
Q

Card & boards: Solid white

A

High quality card, white smooth finish on both sides
Uses: cards, book covers

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24
Q

Hardwood

A

From deciduous trees
Usually broad-leafed variety that drops leaves in winter
Slow growing
Tighter grains (visible pores, thinner firbre content, dense grain) makes harder to work w

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25
Q

Ash

A

HARDWOOD
Flexible, tough, shock res
Pale brown
Uses: sports equip

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26
Q

Beech

A

HARDWOOD
Fine finish, tough, durable
Beige w pink hue
Uses: children’s toys, furniture

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27
Q

Mahogany

A

HARDWOOD
Easily worked, durable, finishes well
Reddish brown
Uses: high end furniture, veneers

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28
Q

Oak

A

HARDWOOD
Tough, hard, durable
Light brown
Uses: flooring, furniture

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29
Q

Softwood

A

From coniferous trees
Bears needles & has cones
Loose grain strucutre (no visible pores, thicker fibre content, wide grain pattern) easier to work w
Fast growing

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30
Q

Pine

A

SOFTWOOD
Lightweight, easy to work w
Palye yellowish brown
Uses: interior construction

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31
Q

Spruce

A

SOFTWOOD
Easy to work w, high stiffness to weight ratio
Creamy white
Uses: musical instruments

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32
Q

Larch

A

SOFTWOOD
Durable, tough, water res. Resistant to extremes of climate. Its natural oil content makes water res so suitable for decking, fencing
Pale reddish brown
Uses: exterior, flooring

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33
Q

MT: Chipboard

A

Wood chips of varying sizes mixed w resin, pressed. Good compressive strength, not water res unless treated. Good value but chipping on edges & corners
Uses: flooring, worktops

34
Q

MT: Medium density fibreboard (MDF)

A

Waste hardwood & softwood is broken down into fibres & combined w resin. Pressed into sheets that are dense, rigid & stable, smooth easy to finish surface. Very absorbent so not good in high humidity
Uses: kitchen units

35
Q

MT: Plywood

A

Thin layers or veneers glued tg, very stable in all directions due to alternate layering at 90dc, w outside layers running in the same direction
Uses: shelving

36
Q

Adv of choosing manufactured timbers over natural timber

A

Manufactured boards available in large board sizes, reducing no. of joints
Can be laminated to apply wide range of finishes
No grain, so easy to work w

37
Q

Disadv of choosing manufactured boards over natural timber

A

Manufactured boards are dense making very heavy in large sheets
Edges are difficult to finish due to no natural end grain

38
Q

Ferrous metals

A

Contain iron ferrite & have high tensile strength & durability
Magnetic
Vulnerable to rust w/o finish
Stainless steel protected from rust by presence of chromium

39
Q

Low carbon/mild steel

A

FERROUS
Tough & ductile, rusts easily if not finished
Uses: car bodies, pipelines

40
Q

Cast iron

A

FERROUS
Hard but brittle. Resists deformatjin & rust
Uses: kitchen pans, manhole covers

41
Q

High carbon steel/tool steel

A

FERROUS
Hard but brittle, hard wearing, resists abrasion. Chromium may be added to add strength/resist distortion
Uses: tools as hard & abrasion, pressure res

42
Q

Non-ferrous metals

A

Group of pure metals, do not contain iron
Non-magnetic so used for wiring & electronics
Higher res to rust but can corrode or oxidise

43
Q

Aluminium

A

NON-FERROUS
Lighweight, ductile, res to corrosion
Uses: bike frames, drink cans

44
Q

Zinc

A

NON-FERROUS
Brittle, yet malleable, high corrosion res
Uses: used to galvanise steel

45
Q

Copper

A

NON-FERROUS
Ductile, malleable. Good electrical conductor
Uses: electrical cables

46
Q

Alloys

A

Mixture of at least one pure metal and another element
Imrpoves working properties or aesthetics
Harder than pure metals bc contain atoms of diff sizes, distorting arrangement of the atoms, making jarder for layers to slide over eachother

47
Q

Stainless steel

A

ALLOY
Low carbon + chromium
Hard, ductile, rust res. Chromium layer protects steel from corrosion.
Uses: cutlery due to being poor conductor of heat & hygienic

48
Q

Brass

A

ALLOY
Copper + zinc
Malleable, corrosion res
Uses: musicsl instruments

49
Q

Adv of alloy over pure metal

A

Alloys harder than pure due to (cant slide over)
Alloys better corrosion res than pure
Easily manipulated into diff forms

50
Q

Natural occuring plastics

A

Amber
Rubber

51
Q

Thermoforming polymers

A

Using heat to form thermoplastics
More flexible than thermosets & easy to shape, when heated
Polymer chains quite loosely entangled w few cross links. Allows chains to slide over easily when heated (formed into complex shapes multiple times)

52
Q

Thermoforming molecules

A

O-O-O-O-O
O-O-O-O-O

53
Q

Polypropylene (PP)

A

THERMOFORMING
Flexible, tough, lightweight
Uses: kitchens

54
Q

Acrylic (PMMA)

A

THERMOFORMING
Tough but brittle when thin. Easily scratched
Uses: car lights

55
Q

High density polyethylene (HDPE)

A

THERMOFORMING
Lightweight, chemical res
Uses: milk bottles

56
Q

High impact polystyrene (HIPS)

A

THERMOFORMING
Flexigle, impact res, lighweight, used for vaccum forming
Uses: yoghurt pots

57
Q

Polythylene terephthalate (PET)

A

THERMOFORMING
Blow moulded, chemical res, recyclable
Uses: drink bottle

58
Q

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

A

THERMOFORMING
Flexible, tough, res to chemicals
Uses: raincoats, pipes

59
Q

Thermosetting polymer

A

involves using chemical reactions to form plastic, that are very heat resistant and cannot be reformed by heat.
Hard, brittle, good insulation & chemical res

60
Q

Thermosetting molecules

A

O-O-O-O-O
\ \ \ \ \
O-O-O-O-O

61
Q

Polyester resin (PR)

A

THERMOSETTING
Good eletrical insulator, hard, touch when mixed w glass
Uses: boats

62
Q

Epoxy resin (ER)

A

THERMOSETTING
Good strength:weight ratio, good electrical insulator, heat res
Uses: circuit boards

63
Q

Urea Formaldehyde (UF)

A

THERMOSETTING
High tensile strength, heat res, electrical insulator, easily injection moulded
Uses: electrical casings

64
Q

Melamine Formaldehyde (MF)

A

THERMOSETTING
Lightweight, hard but brittle
Uses: kitchenware

65
Q

What are textiles derived from

A

Natural & synthetic materials

66
Q

Textile: natural fibres

A

Made from plant or animal based fibres, renewable

67
Q

Textile: synthetic fibres

A

Made from chemically produced polymers

68
Q

Textile: blended fibres

A

Combine 2 or more types of fibres to produce fabric w useful properties

69
Q

Cotton

A

NATURAL FIBRE
sourced: cotton plant
Soft, strong, absorbent, washes & takes dyes well
Uses: clothing, towel

70
Q

Silk

A

NATURAL FIBRES
sourced: silkworm cocoon
Soft, fine, lightweight, natural shine due to its triangular structure
Uses: luxury clothing

71
Q

Wool

A

NATURAL FIBRES
sourced: sheep, goats, rabbits
Warm, crease res, absorbent
Uses: rugs, blankets

72
Q

Polyamide (Nylon)

A

SYNTHETIC FIBRE
Strong & hard wearing, resist creasing
Uses: parachutes

73
Q

Elastine (Lycra)

A

SYNTHETIC FIBRE
Smooth, strong, stretchy, retains shape
Uses: swimwear

74
Q

Polyester

A

SYNTHETIC FIBRE
Tough, hard wearing, non-absorbent
Uses: fleece, backpack

75
Q

Polycotton

A

BLENDED FIBRE
Durable, stronger than pure cotton
Uses: bed sheets

76
Q

Woven cloth

A

Made up of 2 sets of yarns which are threaded at 90degrees to each other

77
Q

Plain weave

A

WOVEN CLOTH
Strong, retains shape, even surface on both sides
Uses: tablecloths

78
Q

Non-woven fabric

A

Made directly from fibres w/o being spun into yarns

79
Q

Bonded fabric

A

NON-WOVEN FABRIC
Lacks strength, no grain so can be cut in any direction w/o fraying
Uses: cloths, teabags

80
Q

Knitted fabrics

A

Interlocking yarn loops tg to produce a fabric.
Uses: jumpers, socks

81
Q

Weft knitting

A

KNITTED FABRIC
Made by hand or machine using a single yarn that forms interlocking loops across width of the fabric
Can lose its shape

82
Q

Warp knitting

A

KNITTED FABRIC
Made by machine, forms interlocking vertical loops
Holds shape better

DT GCSE (29 decks)

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