⭐️SB5 - health, Disease And The Developments Of Medicines Flashcards
What is health?
The state of complete physical, social and mental well-being
What does physical well being include?
Being free from disease, sleeping well, getting regularly activity and limiting the intake of harmful substances like drugs
What does social well being include?
How well you get on with others and how your surroundings affect you
What does mental well being include?
How you feel about yourself
Where are people more likely to have poorer health and why?
In regions where there are disasters like floods or wars as there will be more disease and fewer doctors and hospitals
What is a disease?
A problem with a structure or process in the body that is not the result of an injury and it may be due to microorganisms getting into the body and changing how it works
What are pathogens?
The microorganisms that cause a disease
What is a communicable disease? What does this mean?
A disease caused by pathogens and means it can be passes from an infected person to other people
What are non communicable diseases?
Diseases that can’t be passed from person to person
What causes a non communicable disease?
A problem in the body such as a fault in the genes or as a result of the way we live our lifestyle
Give causes for diseases to be correlated so that having one disease means a person is more likely to have another?
- a disease that damages the immune system like HIV
- a disease that damages the body’s natural barriers and defences
- a disease that stops an organ system from working effectively making more diseases likely to occur
Name 3 types of non communicable disease and their causes
- Genetic disorder caused by faulty alleles of genes
- deficiency disease caused by malnutrition
- cirrhosis (a liver disease) caused by large amount of alcohol intake in a short period of time
What disease is caused by the deficiency of protein, what are the symptoms and give good sources of protein?
Kwashiorkor, symptoms of enlarged belly, small muscles and failure to grow properly. Good sources are meat, fish, dairy, eggs and pulses
What disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin c , what are the symptoms and give good sources of vitamin c?
Scurvy, symptoms of swelling and bleeding gums, muscle and joint pain, tiredness, good sources are citrus fruits and vegetables like broccoli
What disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D/calcium, what are the symptoms and give good sources of vitamin D?
Rickets or osteomalacia, causes soft bones and curved leg bones, oily fish provides vitamin d and dairy products provide calcium
What disease is caused by the deficiency of iron what are the symptoms and give good sources of iron?
Anaemia, causes red blood cells smaller than normal size and in reduced no leading to tiredness, good sources are red meat, dark leafy green vegetables and egg yolk
Why is alcohol a drug?
As it changes the way our body works
What organ breaks down ethanol?
The liver
What are the impacts of a cirrhotic liver?
The liver doesn’t function well and can result in death
How are alcohol related liver disease cases changing over time?
The amount of money spent treating them is rising and the no, of cases is rising
What causes obesity?
Malnutrition that’s caused by a diet that is high in sugar and fats
Why is some fat useful in our body?
As it cushions organs when we move, stores vitamins and provides a store of energy
What is the main disease obesity can lead to? What is it?
Cardiovascular disease and is where the circulatory system functions poorly
Give a symptom of a cardiovascular disease
High blood pressure which can lead to a heart attack
How is the BMI measured and what is it for?
BMI = mass m / height^2 kg
It estimates the amount of fat in the body
What assumptions are made when calculating the BMI?
That the the mass of other body tissues is in proportion to the height
How do you get waist:hip ratio and why do we use it?
By dividing the waist measurements by the hip measurement. It’s used as abdominal fat is closely linked to CV disease
What can the substances in Tobacco smoke do to the body?
Increase blood pressure
Make blood vessels narrower
Increase risk of blood clots forming
(All these risks can lead to CV disease
How are substances In tobacco smoke able to be transported around the body?
As they can be absorbed from the lungs and into the blood
How do substances in tobacco smoke cause blood clots forming? What does this lead to?
- Substances from tobacco smoke damage the artery lining
- Fat builds up in the artery walk at the site of damage making the artery more narrow
- Blood clot may form here or break off and block an artery in another part of the body causing heart attack or stroke
How may a doctor prevent someone with high blood pressure getting a CV disease?
Exercise more, give up smoking and take medicines if necessary
What surgical procedure can be used to treat a narrowed blood vessel?
It can be widened by inserting a stent at the narrowest part to hold it open
How are blocked arteries in the heart treated with surgery?
By being bypassed by inserting other blood vessels so that the heart tissue is supplied with oxygen and nutrients again.
What are the downsides to treating CV disease with operations?
They may have to take medicine for the rest of their lives to help prevent a heart attack or stroke
What are the types of pathogens
Bacteria, protists, fungi