SB1e - Enzymes And Nutrition Flashcards
How do digestive enzymes work in humans?
They turn large molecules into the smaller subunits they are made of
Why do we need digestive enzymes?
So they are small enough to be absorbed by the small intestine
Which small molecules make up:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Glucose
Fatty acids and glycerol
Amino acids
What is synthesis?
Building larger molecules from smaller subunits
What are polymers?
Many similar small molecules or monomers joined in a chain
Give examples of a polymer
Proteins and carbohydrates
What monomers make up:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Amino acids
Glucose molecules
Why does synthesis happen very slowly?
The subunits rarely collide with enough force or orientation to form a bond
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up a reaction
What is the catalyst in living organisms?
An enzyme
What are enzymes as catalysts?
Biological catalysts that speed up the reaction rates.
What kind of substance is an enzyme?
A protein that’s found throughout the body
What is the substrate?
The substance an enzyme works on
What’s a product?
The substance and enzyme helps produce
Where is analyse found, and the reaction catalysed?
Found in saliva and small intestines, breaks down starch to small sugars like maltose
