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Biology gcse > SB2g The Nervous System > Flashcards

SB2g The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes up the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord and nerves

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3
Q

What are impulses?

A

Electrical signals in the nervous system that the body uses to communicate

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4
Q

What is the sciatic nerve

A

The thickest nerve connecting the heel and the spinal cord

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5
Q

How long is the spinal cord in adults?

A

43 - 45 cm

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6
Q

What is the vertebra

A

24 bones which form the backbone and protect the spinal cord

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7
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

Anything your body is sensitive to and causes an electrical impulse

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8
Q

What are receptor cells?

A

Cells in sense organs like eyes and ears that receive the electrical impulse

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9
Q

What is a response?

A

Your reaction the the stimulus

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10
Q

In which sense organ would you find receptor cells that detect changes in light?

A

Eyes

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11
Q

What is neurotransmission?

A

The travelling or transmission of impulses

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12
Q

What do neurones have to carry impulses?

A

A cell body and long extensions

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13
Q

What is the function of a sensory neurone?

A

It’s function is to carry impulses from receptor cells toward the central nervous system

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14
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

A tiny branch in a neurones that receives impulses from receptor cells

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15
Q

What do axon terminals do?

A

Pass impulses to other neurones

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16
Q

What is the direction the impulse travels in a sensory neurone?

A

From the dendron to the axon

17
Q

What are the two extensions of a sensory neurone called?

A

Dendron and axon

18
Q

What is the pathway of a nerve impulse?

A
  1. Stimulus causes the impulse
  2. impulses detected at receptor cells
  3. passes along sensory neurone
  4. impulse travels to CNS
  5. Impulse passes along motor neurone
  6. effector receives impulse
  7. Response in triggered
19
Q

Why are dendrons and axons long?

A

To allow fast neurotransmissions over long distances

20
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A fatter layer surrounding the dendron and axon

21
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

to electrically insulate the neurone from neighbouring neurones to prevent energy loss in the signal, and speeds up neurotransmission by making the impulse jump along the cell between gaps in the myelin

Biology gcse (32 decks)

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