SB2a - Mitosis Flashcards
What is multicellular organism?
An organism made of many cells
Why are do cells divide?
As the processes of growth and repair require new cells
What does mitosis do?
Cell division that creates new identical diploid cells
What does diploid mean?
A cell with 46 chromosomes
What does haploid mean?
A cell that has 23 chromosomes
What are the products of mitosis?
Identical daughter cells
What is the stage just before mitosis?
Interphase where the cell makes extra sub cellular parts like mitochondria and DNA replication
What is stage 1 of mitosis?
Prophase where the nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibres appear
What is stage 2 of mitosis?
Metaphase where the chromosomes are lined up on the spindle fibres across the middle of the cell
What is stage 3 of mitosis?
Anaphase where spindle fibres are stretched and the chromosome copies are separated onto either side of the cell
What is stage 4 of mitosis?
Telophase where a membrane forms around each set if chromosomes to form nuclei
What is the stage just after mitosis?
Cytokinesis where a cell surface membrane forms to separate the two cells and then cell walls form in plants
What are all the stages of mitosis in order including those just before and after?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
What is asexual reproduction?
Where organisms reproduce with just one parent
What are the asexual reproduction offspring?
Clones
What does asexual reproduction rely on?
Mitosis
How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?
Using stems that grow along the ground called runners
What is a positive of asexual reproduction?
Faster than sexual reproduction and can minimise chances of the species going extinct
Give some characteristics of sexual reproduction
It’s slower and there can be variation within the offspring
Give a negative of asexual reproduction
There is no variation so a disease can wipe out a whole population
What could happen if the mitosis becomes uncontrollable?
Cancer cells may form
