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Parasitology LAB > Safety Precautions In Handling Biological Specimens > Flashcards

Safety Precautions In Handling Biological Specimens Flashcards

1
Q

Laboratorians working with stool specimens face potential risks including:

A

ingestion of eggs or cysts

skin penetration by infective larvae

infection by nonparasitic agents found in stool and biologic fluids

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2
Q

risks can be minimized by adopting__________ as well as____________ (Biosafety Level ___)

A

universal precautions

standard microbiological laboratory practices

2

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3
Q

Wear protective (3) when processing specimens.

A

safety glasses, gloves, and laboratory coat

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4
Q

Use_______ as needed.

A

biological safety cabinets

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5
Q

_________ work surface at least once a day and after spill of potentially infectious material.

A

Decontaminate

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6
Q

If you have cuts or abrasions on the skin on your hands, cover them with

A

adhesive dressing

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7
Q

_________ and ________ after completing any task involving the handling of fecal material.

A

Remove gloves and wash your hands

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8
Q

T or F

stool specimens that have been fixed in preservatives because may still be infectious.

A

True

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9
Q

fixation in_____ takes days or weeks to kill some parasite cysts or oocysts that are protected by a thick shell.

A

formalin

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10
Q

Eggs of nematodes like:

may continue to develop into the infective stage even when preserved in formalin.

A

Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
hookworm

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11
Q

Follow universal precautions for the prevention of bloodborne pathogens when working with human serum and other body fluids. These include:

A

Wear personal protective equipment such as safety glasses, gloves, and laboratory coats.

If you have cuts or abrasions on the skin of your hands, cover them with adhesive dressing.

Use needles and lancets only once, and dispose of them in a “sharps” container for decontamination.

Remove gloves and wash your hands after completing any task involving the handling of biological material.

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12
Q

is the most commonly used specimen in the diagnosis of parasitic infections.

However:
(5) may also be used for the demonstration of parasites’ diagnostic stages.

A

Stool specimen

blood, sputum, urine, other body fluids, and tissue biopsy

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13
Q

The usual diagnostic stages of intestinal parasites are protozoan ____ and ____ and, helminth _____ and _____

A

trophozoites and cysts

eggs and larvae

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14
Q

Since stool is the most commonly used specimen in the laboratory, proper (4) should be done so as to ensure a more accurate and reliable result.

A

collection
preservation
transportation
processing

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15
Q

Proper_____ and proper______ for collecting materials must be provided to ensure satisfactory specimen for examination.

A

instructions

containers

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16
Q

The following factors should be considered in collecting fecal specimens:

A

type of container
Size
age of the specimen
substances that might interfere with examinations

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17
Q

The container should be (3) to accommodate a sample of adequate size.

A

clean, dry, and sufficiently large

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18
Q

Container should be______, with a tight-fitting lid to prevent spills

A

leak proof

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19
Q

______ and _____ should be recorded on the container or should accompany the specimen.

A

Information identifying the patient and the date and hour of passage

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20
Q

Information in identifying the patient

A

Name
Age
Sex

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21
Q

Ideally, unpreserved specimens should arrive in the laboratory within _____ after passage

A

1 to 2 hours

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22
Q

To allow adequate macroscopic and microscopic examination, the________ should be submitted to the laboratory.

A

entire fecal passage

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23
Q

Portion that is preferred for preparing smears for staining

A

soft and mucoid portion

24
Q

Portion that are used for concentration.

A

more formed portions

25
Q

is often useful in the diagnosis of Shistosoma mansoni and Entamoeba histolytica infections.

A

Surface material

26
Q

If the entire fecal specimens cannot be submitted, a quantity of about _____ should be provided to the laboratory.

A

20-30 grams

27
Q

if formed (size)

A

the size of a medium-size walnut

28
Q

if loose or watery (size or hm)

A

2-3 tablespoonful

29
Q

Several substances generally referred to as “________”, will make the specimen unsuitable for parasitologic examinations.

A

interfering substances

30
Q

Interfering substances

– will destroy trophozoites

A

Urine and water

31
Q

Interfering substances

Feces contaminated with _____ and ____ is not suitable for examination.

A

soil and pollen

32
Q

Not only does_____ destroy trophozoites, but there is danger in free-living organisms contaminating the feces and making diagnosis difficult.

A

water

33
Q

Certain drugs and compounds will also render the stool specimens unsatisfactory for examination or for detection of organisms. Among these are:

A

antidiarrheal compounds
Antibiotics
Antacids
Bismuth
Barium
antimalarial agents
Oily laxatives such as mineral oil may also interfere with examination.

34
Q

– may decrease the number of organisms, especially protozoa, in the intestinal tract for several weeks

A

antibiotics or contrast media

35
Q

After barium and bismuth have been given
Specimens should not be collected ___________ since crystals and particles of these compounds in the feces will interfere with examination and may destroy trophozoites by their abrasive action

A

7 to 10 days

36
Q

stools should not be collected in patients given gallbladder dye – until about ______ afterwards

A

3 weeks

37
Q

Specimens collected in very cold regions should not be allowed to freeze since_______ and _______ – may destroy protozoan cysts and trophozoites

A

freezing and thawing

38
Q

Portions of the specimen should be preserved for future examination and for staining. Most laboratories use a ________

A

two-vial technique

39
Q

two-vial technique:
one portion of specimen is fixed in three parts of_________ and another portion in three parts of________

A

5-10% buffered formalin

polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fixative

40
Q

MIF

A

merthiolate-iodine-formalin

41
Q

SAF

A

sodium acetate-formalin (SAF)

42
Q

PVA

A

Polyvinyl alcohol

43
Q

Fixatives that contain mercury

A

Schaudinn’s
PVA fixatives

44
Q

Does not contain mercury

A

SAF

45
Q

the quality of ________ when using SAF is not as good as with Schaudinn’s or PVA fixatives

A

permanent stains

46
Q

Best for concentration

A

Formalin

47
Q

Best for permanent stain

A

PVA

48
Q

The stool specimen should be submitted with the following information:

A
  1. patient’s name
  2. age
  3. sex
  4. date/time of collection
  5. requesting physician
  6. requested procedure
  7. presumptive diagnosis
  8. prior infections
  9. travel history
49
Q
  1. antacids
  2. anti-diarrheals
  3. barium
  4. bismuth
  5. laxatives

All of these drugs have been found to leave_____ residues that can interfere with the identification of parasites. Stool samples should be collected _____ after the last intake of any of these drugs

A

crystalline

week

50
Q

Intake of_____ usually decreases the number of protozoans for several weeks.

A

antibiotics

51
Q

Contamination with toilet water, urine, or soil must be prevented since these can destroy__________.

In addition, soil and water may contain free-living organisms that would complicate diagnosis of infections.

A

protozoan trophozoites

52
Q

Age of the stool sample is very important for diarrheic specimens since the trophozoites it may contain are likely to die within____________ after passage. Therefore, stools must be examined within that period of time.

A

30 minutes to 1 hour

53
Q

Delay in examination of specimens may require______ to ensure that parasites are present in the identifiable stage.

A

preservation

54
Q

Temporary storage of fecal samples in a refrigerator______ is acceptable, but prolonged refrigeration can bring about desiccation.

_______are killed by refrigeration, although______&_____ are usually not damaged.

A

(3-5°C)

Trophozoites

helminth eggs and protozoan cysts

55
Q

NEVER ______ STOOL SAMPLES.

NEVER KEEP THEM IN______.

A

F R E E Z E

INCUBATORS

Parasitology LAB (37 decks)

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