Diagnostic Examinations

Question 1

Diagnostic Examinations

Answer 1

● MACROSCOPIC
● MICROSCOPIC

Question 2

MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

Answer 2

Odor
Color
Form/ consistency

Question 3

Light to dark brown

Answer 3

Urobilin

Question 4

Bile pigment which gives the stool its normal brown color

Answer 4

Urobilin

Question 5

Yellow

Answer 5

milk
fats
cornmeal
unchanged bilirubin

Question 6

Green

Answer 6

spinach

unchanged biliverdin (oral antibiotics)

Question 7

Clay or putty

Answer 7

obstructive jaundice(abs. of urobilin)

excess fat in pancreatic disease

barium-X-ray exam

Question 8

Bright red

Answer 8

Bleeding in the lower GIT

tomatoes

Question 9

Black or tarry

Answer 9

iron supplements, charcoal, digested blood, bleeding in the Upper GIT (ulcers)

Question 10

Gray

Answer 10

mushy and foul smelling seen in Steatorrhea (malabsorption syndrome)

Cholera

Question 11

Orange

Answer 11

Tuberculosis drug

Question 12

OFFENSIVE

Answer 12

INDOLE AND SKATOL

Question 13

Extremely foul putrefactions

Answer 13

due to undigested protein. Ulcerated and malignant tumors of the lower GIT and in hemorrhages

Question 14

Sour or rancid

Answer 14

indicates gas formation, fermentation of carbohydrates, unabsorbed fats due to indigestion- highly acidic feces

Question 15

Normal consistency

Answer 15

Soft and formed

Question 16

Excessively hard

scybalous stool

Answer 16

constipation

Carcinoma

Question 17

Gaseous

Fermentative

Answer 17

mushy with bubble of gas, bulky and frothysteatorrhea (malabsorption), lactose intolerance

Question 18

Flattened or ribbon like

Answer 18

spastic colitis or obstruction in the lower GIT

Question 19

Mucus

Answer 19

translucent and gelatinous clinging to the surface of stool

Colitis, carcinoma, dysentery(bloody)

Question 20

Consistency and color of stool with amoeba

Answer 20

Mucoid and greenish

Question 21

There are 2 points raised in relation to any microscopic examination, namely:

Answer 21

○ Proficiency of the microscopist

○ Quality of the microscope

Question 22

RBC -

Answer 22

dysentery, hemorrhages, bleeding in the upper or lower GIT

Question 23

WBC

Answer 23

pus cells (poly or mono)

Question 24

PARASITES -

Answer 24

trophozoites/cyst, ova, worms

Question 25

ARTIFACTS -

Answer 25

pseudo parasites- seeds, fungi, hairs, various fibers, vegetable cells, pollen

Question 26

RBC can be mistaken as

Answer 26

Blastocystis hominis

Cyst

Question 27

WBC can be mistaken as

Answer 27

Entamoeba histolytica
Non motile trichomonas vaginalis