SAD - Chapter 15 - Psychogenic

Question 1

How can stress contribute to increased pruritus?

Answer 1

increasing nerve function in the skin, activation of inflammatory pathways (increase in IL-6, C-reactive protein)

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants?

Answer 2

increase neurotransmitter levels of serotonin and norepinephrine by blocking their reuptake by the presynaptic neuronal membrane

Question 3

Which tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are also potent H1 blockers?

Answer 3

amitriptyline and doxepin

Question 4

What tricylic antidepressants (TCAs) are used in veterinary medicine?

Answer 4

clomipramine hydrochloride, amitriptyline, and doxepin

Question 5

What negative side effects are seen with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

Answer 5

cardiac arrhythmias – promotion of heart block by slowing cardiac conduction; anticholinergic effects – dry mouth, urine retention, reduced tear production; lower the seizure threshold; enhance monoamine oxidase inhibitor toxicity; vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, hyperexcitability, polydipsia, polyuria, increased defecation, aggression, personality changes, anorexia

Question 6

What enzyme does fluoxetine inhibit?

Answer 6

cytochrome p450 enzymes

Question 7

What drugs should not be given with SSRIs or TCAs?

Answer 7

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (amitraz, selegiline) or L-tryptophan

Question 8

What class of drug is buspirone? What is proposed mechanism of action?

Answer 8

Serotonin receptor agonist; mechanism of action is not fully known, proposed to block serotonin presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors and has dopamine agonist activity

Question 9

What adverse effects have been reported with buspirone?

Answer 9

mild sedation, appetite stimulation, personality changes, paradoxical excitation

Question 10

What adverse effects has been reported with diazepam in cats?

Answer 10

idiosyncratic hepatotoxicosis, often fatal

Question 11

What is the proposed mechanism for use of naltrexone in acral lick dermatitis?

Answer 11

blocking opiate receptors in the CNS, blocks endogenous endorphins that may be produced or released from self-destructive behavior; prevents or inhibits the euphoric state that the endorphins would induce, helping alleviate the desire to be self-destructive

Question 12

T/F: Histopathological findings in acral lick dermatitis are pathognomonic for the disease.

Answer 12

False - show features that are characteristic of the disorder but not diagnostic

Question 13

Histopathological findings of acral lick dermatitis

Answer 13

ulcerated surface bordered by irregular epidermal hyperplasia (papillated); perivascular accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages; dermis - fibroplasia, dermal papillae often show vertical streaking of fibroblasts and collagen fibrils; moderate to marked plasma cells present around the epitrichial sweat glands in >90% of cases; glands are hypertrophic and contain inspissated secretions in 80% of cases; sebaceous gland hyperplasia; hair follicles are commonly hyperkeratotic, hyperplastic, and elongated with folliculitis and furunculosis in 30% of cases

Question 14

To what class of drugs does hydroxyzine belong?

Answer 14

piperazine-derivative antihistamine

Question 15

T/F: Progestagens have a calming effect, especially on male dogs.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

What is a tail dock neuroma? In what breed is it over-represented?

Answer 16

occurs following tail docking, when the nerves attempt to regrow in a haphazard fashion –> firm, deep nodule that adheres to the skin in the scarred tail tip; Cocker Spaniels

Question 17

Histopathological findings of tail dock neuroma

Answer 17

fibrous tissue with thick collagen bundles and multiple small nerve bundles randomly located throughout the nodule

Question 18

Flank sucking has been most commonly reported in what breed of dog?

Answer 18

Doberman pinschers