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Vet Derm Review > Exotics > Flashcards

Exotics Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the most common cutaneous tumor in the ferret?

A

mast cell tumor

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2
Q

Transmission of myxomatosis

A

arthropod vectors

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3
Q

Cutaneous lymphoma has been reported in what small mammals?

A

hamsters, rabbits, mice, gerbils

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4
Q

What virus can cause an erythematous rash, hyperkeratosis of footpads, planum nasale, and pinna in ferrets?

A

canine distemper virus

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5
Q

What species of dermatophytes can affect small mammals?

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum

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6
Q

What is Myobia musculi? What animals does it infest?

A

fur mite – rats and mice

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7
Q

Why must ivermectin be given SQ in guinea pigs?

A

difficulty with GI absorption

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8
Q

Scientific name for ferret

A

Mustela putorius furo

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9
Q

Most common clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets

A

alopecia, particularly of tail tip, and bilateral symmetry on flanks; pruritus (30% of cases); swollen vulva; paraurethral cysts; prostatomegaly

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10
Q

What is the rabbit flea?

A

Spilopsyllus cuniculi

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11
Q

What is Myocoptes musculinus? What animals does it infest?

A

fur mite – rats and mice

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12
Q

What is Polyplax serrata?

A

Anoplura - sucking louse - of mice

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13
Q

Demodex species in hamsters

A

Demodex aurati (long, follicular); Demodex criceti (short, stratum corneum)

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14
Q

How is venereal spirochetosis diagnosed?

A

microscopic visualization of Treponema paraluiscuniculi from skin scrapes, visualization of organisms on biopsy using silver stains; serologic tests used to diagnose human syphilis!

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15
Q

Treatment of choice for abscesses in rabbits

A

surgical removal

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16
Q

Lice found in guinea pigs

A

Gliricola porcelli (Mallophaga = chewing/biting louse), Gyropus ovalis (Mallophaga)

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17
Q

T/F: Ketoconazole is not effective for treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets.

A

True - and has side effects of hepatotoxicity and thrombocytopenia

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18
Q

Why is Mitotane (op’-DDD) not recommended in ferrets?

A

low therapeutic index, often ineffective, can cause profound hypoglycemia

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19
Q

What is an important vector of myxomatosis in rabbits?

A

Spilopsyllus cuniculi

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20
Q

Parasites that affect rats and mice

A

Myobia musculi, Myocoptes musculinus, Radfordia ensifera, Notoedres muris, Liponyssus bacoti, Polyplax spinulosa, Polyplax serrata

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21
Q

T/F: Mast cell tumors in ferrets have a poor prognosis.

A

False - usually benign and has a good prognosis with surgical removal

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22
Q

New World rabbits are very resistant to this disease, but Old World rabbits are extremely susceptible.

A

Myxomatosis - caused by a myxoma virus of pox virus group

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23
Q

Parasites that can affect guinea pigs

A

Trixacarus caviae, Chirodiscoides caviae (fur mite)

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24
Q

Mouse pox is caused by what?

A

orthopoxvirus

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25
Q

Abscesses in rabbits are usually infected with what organism?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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26
Q

Sebaceous adenitis has been reported in what small mammals?

A

rabbits

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27
Q

What are treatments for Treponema paraluiscuniculi (Rabbit syphilis)?

A

Penicillin G, given SQ q7d x 3 doses; CHPC BID x 4 weeks, Azithromycin PO SID-BID x 15 days

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28
Q

Clinical signs associated with Psoroptes cuniculi in rabbits

A

otitis externa, otitis media – head shaking, pruritus of ears, head and/or ear dropping

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29
Q

What is the causative organism of Rabbit syphilis?

A

Treponema paraluiscuniculi

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30
Q

Zinc-responsive dermatosis has been reported in what zoo animal?

A

Llamas

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31
Q

What is Radfordia ensifera?

A

Rat fur mite

32
Q

What is the prognosis for rabbits infected with myxoma virus (pox virus)?

A

poor - morbidity and mortality approach 100%

33
Q

Causes of nodular dermatoses in small mammals?

A

infectious/ulcerative pododermatitis, myxomatosis, mouse pox, trichofolliculoma, other neoplasms such as fibromas and SCC, congenital malformations

34
Q

T/F: Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism is more common than adrenal-dependent in ferrets.

A

False - adrenocortical hyperplasia or neoplasia is the finding in 100% of ferrets with this disease, pituitaroy neoplasia has not been found with this disease

35
Q

What is the most common secondary infection in pododermatitis of rabbits?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

36
Q

Treatment for sebaceous adenitis in small mammals

A

cyclosporin 5 mg/kg and medium chain triglycerides q24h

37
Q

What is Liponyssus bacoti?

A

tropical rat mite

38
Q

What is Polyplax spinulosa?

A

Anoplura - sucking louse - of rats

39
Q

What do Polyplax serrata (mice) and Polyplax spinulosa (rats) serve as vectors for?

A

Mycoplasma (Haemobartonella) muris, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Eperythrozoon coccoides

40
Q

Parasites that affect hamsters

A

Notoedres muris

41
Q

Cutaneous neoplasias reported in ferrets?

A

Mast cell tumor (most common), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma, melanoma, chordoma (metastases in the skin)

42
Q

Clinical signs associated with Notoedres muris in hamsters and rats

A

hamsters: affects ears, face, genitalia; rats: can have nasal “horns”

43
Q

What is the most common secondary infection in pododermatitis of guinea pigs?

A

Staphylococcus aureus or Corynebacterium pyogenes

44
Q

Risk factors for ulcerative pododermatitis in guinea pigs?

A

obesity, poor hygiene, hypovitaminosis C, wire flooring

45
Q

Demodicosis is most common in what small mammal?

A

Hamsters - specifically the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

46
Q

What is a fur slip? In what species does it occur?

A

chinchillas - when frightened or stressed, this species will shed tufts of hair (fur) - may take 3-5 months to regrow

47
Q

Most common species of Cheyletiella in rabbits?

A

Cheyletiella parasitovorax

48
Q

Aromatase inhibitors such as anastrazole are used to treat what disease in ferrets?

A

hyperadrenocorticism - when estradiol is elevated; The aromatase inhibitor blocks aromatase, which is needed for the final step in estrogen synthesis

49
Q

Which small mammals can be affected by cutaneous lymphoma? Clinical signs?

A

Hamsters&raquo_space; rabbits, guinea pigs, mice; Severe alopecia and crusting

50
Q

How is infectious ectromelia (mouse pox) diagnosed?

A

electron microscopy, IHC, serologic testing, virus isolation, PCR

51
Q

What skin lesion can hypovitaminosis C cause in guinea pigs?

A

scaling of the pinnae

52
Q

Transmission of infectious ectromelia (mouse pox)

A

oral-fecal, respiratory, skin abrasion, contact with contaminated bedding, serum

53
Q

What is a potential long-term complication of ulcerative pododermatitis in guinea pigs?

A

systemic amyloidosis

54
Q

Treatment of choice for hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets

A

surgical removal of affected adrenal gland(s) and administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog deslorelin acetate

55
Q

T/F: Demodicosis is common in ferrets.

A

FALSE

56
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism is most common in what small mammal?

A

hamsters, ferrets

57
Q

Cystic ovaries are most common in what small mammal?

A

guinea pig

58
Q

Causes of chelitis in guinea pigs

A

Rough forage, acidic fruit, Hypovitaminosis C, Pox Virus (in UK)

59
Q

Clinical signs of Treponema paraluiscuniculi (Rabbit syphilis)?

A

crusts, erythema, edema, vesicles, ulcers, proliferative lesions on face & perineum – lesions are PAINFUL not pruritic; metritis, abortion and neonatal death

60
Q

Clinical signs of infectioius ectromelia (mouse pox)

A

small crusts, papules, swellings, ulceration, necrosis of feet, ear, or tail

61
Q

Why should aminoglycosides be avoided in treatment of otitis in chinchillas?

A

causes oto-neuro-toxicity

62
Q

Thymoma has been reported in what small mammals?

A

rabbits

63
Q

Causes of alopecia without pruritus in small mammals

A

dermatophytes, barbering, shedding, Demodex spp., endocrinopathies

64
Q

T/F: Rabbit syphilis is zoonotic.

A

FALSE

65
Q

What is the first differential for a pruritic guinea pig?

A

Trixacarus caviae (guinea pig sarcoptid mite) – convulsions resembling seizures can be seen in affected guinea pigs due to the intense pruritus and debilitation

66
Q

Figurate erythema has been seen in association with what disease in ferrets? Recommended treatment?

A

seen with hyperadrenocorticism or after adrenalectomy; Rx essential fatty acids at feline dose

67
Q

What is Leporacarus gibbus?

A

fur mite of rabbits

68
Q

Risk factors for ulcerative pododermatitis in rabbits?

A

obesity, wet bedding, grid floors, rough cages, unsanitary conditions, hereditary factors – most common in Rex rabbits

69
Q

Androgen receptor blockers such as bicalutamide may be useful in ferrets under what circumstances?

A

when prostatic hypertrophy occurs with hyperadrenocorticism

70
Q

Clinical signs of Myxomatosis (caused by myxoma virus)?

A

edema of head, ears, eyelids, genitalis, milky oculonasal discharge; lethargy, fever; myoxmas= firm, non-pruritic, erythematous nodules

71
Q

How is myxomatosis diagnosed?

A

clinical signs, microscopic lesions, virus isolation

72
Q

Melatonin can be an adjunctive therapy in what disease of ferrets?

A

hyperadrenocorticism - may be effective for hair regrowth; does NOT reduce the size of adrenal glands

73
Q

Causes of scaling and crusting dermatoses in small mammals

A

Cheyletiella sp. Mites, venereal spirochetosis (rabbit syphilis), hypovitaminosis C, sebaceous adenitis, cutaneous lymphoma, thymoma

74
Q

Pathogenesis of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets

A

after neutering –> on negative feedback on GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) –> hyperplasia of zona reticularis –> elevation of adrenal androgens (androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, DHEAS) and estradiol

75
Q

T/F: ACTH stimulation test is the diagnostic of choice for hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets.

A

False - just need to measure sex hormones (17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol, androstenedione, DHEAS)

76
Q

Parasites that can affect rabbits

A

Psoroptes cuniculi, Ctenocephalides sp., Spilopsyllus cuniculi (rabbit flea), Sarcoptes scabeii

Vet Derm Review (44 decks)

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