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Vet Derm Review > Large Animal Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Large Animal Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three primary presentations of diseased caused by staphylococcus in large animals?

A
  1. Impetigo, 2. Mammillitis, 3. Folliculitis/Furunculosis
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2
Q

Appearance of dermatophilosis on cytology

A

branching hyphae - railroad tracks, branch in both longitudinal and transverse directions, forming packets of coccoid cells –> coccoid cells break off to form flagellated zoospores (infectious component)

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3
Q

What disease is caused by swine papillomavirus?

A

transmissible genital papilloma (can also occur on face/snout)

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4
Q

What species of atypical mycobacteria (nontuberculous mycobacteria) have been isolated from large animals?

A

M. kansaii, M. ulcerans

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5
Q

Causative agent of lumpy jaw - oral commensal

A

Actinomyces bovis

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6
Q

What plant contains immunosuppressive and mutagenic compounds that has been associated with BPV-4 infection?

A

bracken fern

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7
Q

What special considerations need to be observed in cultures of Trichophyton verrucosum

A

Need to add thiamine to growth medium, some strains need inositol added as well –> enhances production of microconidia; needs to be incubated at 37 degrees C

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8
Q

What is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants and cattle?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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9
Q

What are the clinical presentations of papillomavirus infection in goats?

A

Teat/sudder - Saanen does; Face,head, shoulders, forelegs

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10
Q

Clinical signs of orf (contagious viral pustular dermatitis, contagious ecthyma)?

A

vesicles, erythema, pustules –> crusts and scarring; lesions on lips/oral mucosa, coronary bands, teats

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11
Q

T/F: Dermatophilosis is zoonotic.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What animasl are susceptible to infection with orf (contagious viral pustular dermatitis, contagious ecthyma)?

A

Sheep, goats, camelids (NOT cattle)

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13
Q

T/F: Orf (contagious viral pustular dermatitis) is zoonotic.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What genotypes of bovine papillomavirus have been isolated from feline sarcoids?

A

BPV - 14

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15
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii: Gram + or -? Morphology?

A

Gram NEGATIVE coccobacillus or rod

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16
Q

What is different about the hyphae of Pythiosis than Zygomycosis?

A

Pythium have non-septate hyphae

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17
Q

T/F: Penicillin G is the first-line treatment of choice for exudative epidermitis in swine.

A

False - high rate of antimicrobial resistance reported in Staph hyicus strains – C&S needed

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18
Q

Most common causes of infectious nodular swellings in horses

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Habronema spp.
Sporotrichosis

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19
Q

Clinical signs of exudative epidermitis in pigs

A

discolored skin and scale in axillae and groin, widespread greasy brown exudate, oral and heel/coronary band erosions and ulcerations; can have positive Nikolsky sign; pain, not pruritic, febrile

20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of papillomavirus infection in camelids?

A

mucocutaneous fibropapilloma

21
Q

Cytological characteristics of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

INTRACELLULAR!, pleomorphic bacterium, taking on coccoid, club, or rod shapes; Gram-POSITIVE facultative anaerobe

22
Q

What is a koilocyte?

A

keratinocyte with shrunken, dark nucleus surrounded by a halo with clumped keratohyalin granules (characteristic of papillomavirus infection)

23
Q

What are the clinical presentations of papillomavirus infection in sheep?

A

filiform squamous papilloma (frond-like lesions on fetlocks or scrotum of young animals); fibropapillomas on face, legs, teats of adult animals

24
Q

T/F: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is zoonotic.

A

TRUE

25
Q

What genotypes of bovine papillomavirus have been isolated from equine sarcoids?

A

BPV -1, 2

26
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Gram positive or negative? Aerobic or anaerobic? Morphology?

A

gram-POSITIVE pleomorphic ROD, facultative anaerobe

27
Q

What is the causative agent of contagious viral pustular dermatitis (aka orf, contagious ecthyma)?

A

Parapoxvirus ovis

28
Q

T/F: All types of bovine papillomavirus in cattle will spontaneously regress.

A

False - BPV-3 “atypical warts” do not regress, BPV-5 “rice grain” warts do not regress, BPV-6 conical to branch-like warts on teats do not regress

29
Q

Histopathological findings with orf (contagious viral pustular dermatitis, contagious ecthyma)?

A

epithelial hyperpigmentation, ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes (intracellular swelling), intracytoplasmic pox-viral inclusions

30
Q

Histopathological appearance of dermatophilosis

A

neutrophilic luminal folliculitis and furunculosis with lamellar crusts

31
Q

What are the 3 regions of the genome of papillomaviruses?

A

E (early), L (late), Long codon (or control) region (LCR)

32
Q

What are the 4 isoforms of desmogleins and where are they found?

A

Dsg 1 & 3: Stratified squamous epithelia; Dsg 2: all tissues with desmosomes including simple epithelia and myocardium; Dsg 4: primarily hair follicles

33
Q

What are the main staph species found on large animals?

A

Staph aureus and Staph hyicus

34
Q

What functions do the early genes of the papillomavirus genomes encode for?

A

E1: viral DNA replication; E2: viral DNA replication; E3: infected cell immune response; E4: cytokeratin disruption to facilitate viral release; E5: down regulates MHC-1, interrupts gap junctions, PDGF interactions; E6: p53 down regulation, actin cytoskeleton disruption; E7: cell transformation, pRb phosphorylation

35
Q

What is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis in pigs (aka Greasy Pig Disease)

A

Staph hyicus

36
Q

What clinical lesions do BPV-1,2 form in cattle?

A

fibropapillomas; BPV-1 = teats, BPV -2 = head and neck

37
Q

Most common causes of erosions and ulcerations in horses and ruminants

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

  • Habronema spp. (horses)
  • Viral diseases (ruminants - infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, vesicular stomatitis, bovine herpes mammillitis)
38
Q

Causative agent of “wooden tongue” - pyogranulomatous glossitis

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

39
Q

What is the most common species of dermatophytes to be found in swine?

A

Nanizzia nana (formerly microsporum nanum)

40
Q

Most common causes of infectious nodular swellings in ruminants

A 
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Hypoderma species (warbles)
Sporotrichosis
Actinobacillosis
Actinomycosis
41
Q

T/F: Classic diamond skin disease is due to an acute infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

A

False - is a subacute presentation; acute disease has fever, depression, anorexia, lameness, and purpural skin discoloration of the jowls, abdomen, pinnae, legs

42
Q

What type of immunity results in regression of papillomavirus infections?

A

cell-mediated

43
Q

What do the genes of the LCR region encode for in the papillomavirus genome?

A

origin of replication, multiple transcription factor binding sites

44
Q

What do the genes of the late region encode for in the papillomavirus genome?

A

structural proteins; L1: major capsid protein, promotes viral infection by binding heparin sulfate; L2: virion assembly, virus infection, viral genome segregation

45
Q

What is the appearance of Nanizzia nana on culture?

A

flat cream to buff colored with powdery surface and reddish-orange to brown underside; produce numerous macroconidia – oval structures with 1-3 cells

46
Q

What is the most common species of dermatophytes to be found in ruminants and camelids?

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

Vet Derm Review (44 decks)

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