SA Fracture 2

Question 1

List 5 types of implants to fix fractures

Answer 1

Pins
Orthopaedic wire
Screws
Bone plates
External skeletal fixators

Question 2

List three uses of bone pins

Answer 2

Intramedullary
Transosseous
Pin and TBW

Question 3

How are interlocking nails used to heal fractures and which types of collapse do they prevent?

Answer 3

Stainless steel pin used as intramedullary pin. Locked in place using screws.
Prevents rotation and axial collapse

Question 4

Which fractures and pin and tension band wirse used for?

Answer 4

Avulsion fractures

Question 5

How are pins and tension band wires placed?

Answer 5

Orthopaedic wire in a figure of eight, through hole in bone and around pins.

Question 6

List three uses of bone screws

Answer 6

With a plate or interlocking nail
In isolation for fractures of cancellous bone
Never used in isolation for diaphyseal fractures

Question 7

What are the overall aims of using bone screws?

Answer 7

Secure a plate to a bone to support a fracture during healing
To compress fragments together in a lag fashion to enable rapid primary (direct) bone healing without callus

Question 8

What is the funciton of bone plates? List four ways in which they can be used.

Answer 8

Restore bone structure to restore weight bearing function and enable healing.
Compression, neutralisation, buttress, elastic osteosynthesis

Question 9

What are the three main uses of external skeletal fixation?

Answer 9

Comminuted fractures
Open fracture
Across joints

Question 10

List three types of implants that can be used in external skeletal fixation.

Answer 10

Threaded transosseous pins
Clamps
Bars

Question 11

List the four principles of articular fracture repair.

Answer 11

Perfect reduction
Rigid internal fixation
Compression of gap (lag screw)
Early mobilisation

Question 12

What is an avulsion fracture?

Answer 12

An injury to the bone in a location where a tendon or ligament attaches to the bone. When an avulsion fracture occurs, the tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of bone.

Question 13

What is the principle for using tension band wire?

Answer 13

Active distracting forces are counteracted and converted into compressive forces.

Question 14

What are the two types of growth plates?

Answer 14

Pressure
Traction

Question 15

Which classification system should you use for fractures to growth plates?

Answer 15

Salter and Harris Classification

Question 16

What percentage surface of the physis can implants to heal fractures damage?

Answer 16

> 10%