Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Equine Acute and Chronic Foot Problems > Flashcards

Equine Acute and Chronic Foot Problems Flashcards

1
Q

List 6 visible lesions you may see on a horses foot

A

Bruising
Cracks
Swelling
Discharge
Widening of white line
Divergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List two reasons for palpation of the coronary band

A

Sinking of the extensor process of P3 in laminitic cases
Identifying effusion of the DIP joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why may you palpate the coronary band circumfrentially?

A

To identify if a foot abscess has track up under the doral hoof wall and is about to burst at the coronary band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can you support a hoof with cracks going up from the floor?

A

Avoid a toe clip and use quarter clips instead to use the hoof as a single structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three synovial structures in the equine hoof?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint
Navicular bursa
Digital tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which joint block may also affect the navicular bursa?

A

DIP joint blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of wound commonly causes infection of the navicular bursa?

A

Solar puncture wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which markers could you use when radiographing a horses foot?

A

Dorsal hoof wall
Coronary band
Point of frog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe how you would perfom a P3 lateromedial radiograph, including the position of the foot, position of the casette and where the beam should be centered.

A

Position of foot: weight bearing on blocks
Casette: Against medial aspect of the limb on the ground, perpendicular to limb
Beam: Centered at mid coronary band with heel bulbs visually superimposed, generator on the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 7 lateromedial features of a radiograph of an equine foot to assess

A

Centre of arc of DIP vertically over middle of hoof and point of frog
Dorsal hoof wall/dorsal P3/heel/pastern
Coronary band - extensor process of P3
Solar thickness
Solar surface of P3 at 5-10 degrees from hoof
Wall thickness
Tip of P3 is a point not a lip
Extensor process shape (variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how you would perfom a P3 dorsopalmar radiograph, including the position of the foot, position of the casette and where the beam should be centered.

A

Position: weight bearing on blocks
Casette: on ground palmar/plantar aspect of limb, perpendicular to limb
Beam: parallel to ground, centered at coronar band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List three feature of a dorsopalmar radiograph of the foot that you should loook out for

A

Mediolateral imbalance - difference between P3 and sole
Hoof wall flare
Shows mineralisation of ungal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe how you would perfom a P3 dorso-proximal palmaro-distal oblique view radiograph, including the position of the foot, position of the casette and where the beam should be centered.

A

Position of the foot: weight bearing on tunnel
Casette: inside the tunnel
Beam: centered 2cm above the doral coronary band 60-65 degrees angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe how you would take a DP-PaDO radiograph

A

Focus on P3 or navicular bone
P3 first then; increase exposure, reduce collimation, change positioning for navicular bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List 5 features you may see on a DP-PaDO radiograph

A

Margin of P3
Wings of P3 DIP joint congruity
Crena - valuable appearance
Vascular channels normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe how you would perfom a P3 dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (DLPMO) radiograph, including the position of the foot, position of the casette and where the beam should be centered.

A

Position: weight bearing on tunnel
Casette: in tunnel
Beam: 60PrDi, 45 off DP, just distal to coronary band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List 3 features of a DLPMO radiograph

A

Symmetry between sides and feet
Useful for pedal wings
DIP joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe how you would perfom a P3 palmaroproximal-palmardistal oblique radiograph, including the position of the foot, position of the casette and where the beam should be centered.

A

Position of foot: weight bearing on tuneel with limb placed caudally
Casette: in tunnel
Beam: 50-55PaPr centered just above heel bulbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which three features of a palmaroproximal-palmarodistal oblique radiograph change appearance with the angle take?

A

Corticomedullary definition
Flexor margin shape
Overlap with P2/P3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which three features may you see on a transcutaenous ultrasound of the foot?

A

Collateral ligamnt of DIP (proximal portion)
DIP joint effusion (dorsally)
DDFT between heel bulbs

21
Q

LIst five equine hoof structures that are clearly visible on MRI

A

Pedal bone
Navicular bone
DIP joint
P2
Tendon sheaths

22
Q

What are the three main aetiologies of common causes of acute foot lameness?

A

Infection
Trauma
Laminitis

23
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of nail bind/pricked hoof in horses.

A

Aetiology - nail place in or axial to white line during farriery
Presentation - Acute severe lameness shortly after farriery
Diagnosis - hoof testers and paring
Treatment - rest, unshod, poultice

24
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of corns in horses.

A

Aetiology - collapsed bars, too long shoeing interval
Presentation - Mild-moderate lameness
Diagnosis - hoof testers, visible
Treatment - rest, unshod, poultice, reshoe after paring

25
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of hoof (subsolar) abscess in horses.

A

Aetiology - penetrating injury to solar surface, bacteria tracking up white line
Presentation - Acute NWB lameness, increased digital pulses
Diagnosis - pain on hoof testers and paring (pus will be released
Treatment - rest, tubbing, poultice

26
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation and investigation of deep puncture wounds in horses.

A

Aetiology - usually foreign body, if in situ leave
Presentation - acute NWB lameness
Investigation - hoof testers, paring, radiographs, MRI

27
Q

Which structures must you assess when a deep puncture wound of a horses foot is present?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint
Navicular bursa
Digital flexor tendon sheath

28
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of pedal osteitis in horses.

A

Aetiology - septic focus in P3, often following PIF/puncture
Presentation - Acute severe lameness, increased digital pulses
Diagnosis - pain on hoof testers, imaging
Treatment - cureete back to healthy bone, remove any sequestrate which has formed. Management of open wound.

29
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation and diagnosis of P3 fractures in horses.

A

Aetiology - trauma, kick wall
Presentation - acute onset severe lameness
Diagnosis: radiography, MRI, CT

30
Q

List two treatment options for P3 fractures

A

Surgical lag screw
Conservative bar shoe and rest

31
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation, diagnosis, configuration and treatment of navicular bone fractures in horses.

A

Aetiology - trauma
Presentation - Acute severe lameness, increased digital pulses
Diagnosis - radiographs, MRI
Configuration - usually parasaggital and slightly oblique
Treatment - surgical lag screw
Conservative; bar shoe with quarter clips, rest

32
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation and treatment of a fracture of ossified ungual cartilages in horses

A

Aetiology - ossification of ungual cartilages is usually an asymptomatic condition but they are predisposed to trauma
Presentation - Acute severe lameness, increased digital pulses, pain on palpation of heel bulbs
Treatment - rbar shoes with quarter clips and rest

33
Q

What are the four main phases of laminitis in horses?

A

Developmental stage - causal event until clinical signs
Acute - from onset of signs to 72 hours, may include structural failure
Sub-acute - repair over 2-3 months
Chronic - structural failure develops over indefinite period

34
Q

List four things that you may see on a radiograph of a horse with laminitis

A

Rotation, sinking, gas, remodelling/lysis

35
Q

List 5 aims of treatment for laminitis in the horse

A

Manage primary cause
Alter laminar perfusion
Reduce inflammation
Mechanical support
Pain relief

36
Q

How could you treat laminitis in the developmental phase?

A

Treat primary cause
Alter laminar perfusion
Prevent inflammation and analgesia
Mechanical support

37
Q

How could you treat laminitis in the acute phase?

A

Alter laminar perfusion
Prevent inflammation and analgesia
Mechanical support

38
Q

What are the two most common categories of chronic lameness in the horse?

A

Soft tissue lesions within the foot
Osteoarthritis

39
Q

List three structures that can be strained/sprained in the equine foot, causing chronic lameness

A

Collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint
Distal deep digital flexor tendon
Impar ligament of the navicular bone

40
Q

Describe the clinical signs and treatment of a subchondral bone cyst in P3

A

Clinical signs: lameness, effusion of DIP
Treatment: translesional screw used from dorsal aspect

41
Q

Describe the aetiology and clinical signs of navicular disease

A

Aetiology: unclear, likely degenerative predisposed by poor foot conformation
Clinical signs: chronic, often bilateral, low grade forelimb lameness, worse when lunged on a hard circle. Postive response to PBNB

42
Q

Describe four radiographic changes of navicular bone disease seen in horses

A

Circumscribed lucent lesions within the flexor cortex of medulla of the bone
Disruption or alteration of the opacity, contour or thickness of the flexor cortex
Medullary sclerosis with blurring of the trabecular pattern and loss of corticomedullary definition
Increased number and/or size or change in shape of lucencies on the distal border of the bone

43
Q

Describe the treatment for navicular disease

A

Farriery - egg bar shoe with heel cushioning
Analgesia - NSAIDs
Bisphosphonates
Surgery

44
Q

Describe the aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of a keratoma in horses

A

Aetiology - benign tumour with SOL effects
Clinical signs - mild intermittent lamness, recurrent abscesses, defect in white line at sole, distortion of hoof wall
Diagnosis - blocks to PDNB, radiography, MRI
Treatment - surgical resection, minimally invasive resection

45
Q

Describe the aetiology, clinical signs and treatment of thrush in horses

A

Aetiology - infection and necrosis in the sulci, predisposed by poor environment, fusobacterium invades as an opportunist.
Clinical signs - black malodourous discharge around the frog
Treatment - pare, foot hygiene

46
Q

Describe the aetiology, clinical signs and treatment of seedy toe in horses

A

Aetiology - disruption of the white line, often subsequent to multiple abscesses
Clinical signs - mild-moderate lamness, associated with severe lamness, when abcess forms
Treatment - resect defect with paring

47
Q

Describe the aetiology, clinical signs and treatment of canker in horses

A

Aetiology: poorly understood (bovine papilloma virus)
Clinical signs: predominantly draught horse hindlimbs, chronic, moist hypertrophic pododermatitis
Treatment: debride, antiseptics and dressings

48
Q

Describe the aetiology, presentation, clinical signs and treatment of quittor in horses

A

Aetiology: wound to coronary band, deep puncture wound to sole
Presentation: heavy driving horses
Clinical signs: painful swelling, ruptures and drains
Treatment: Surgical removal of necrotic cartilage and tissue

Musculoskeletal (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions