Equine Distal Limb Flashcards
List the four nerve blocks available for use on the equine distal limb
Palmar digital
Abaxial sesamoid
Low 4 point
High 4 point
List the 2 joints in the equine distal limb that you can use intrasynovial anaesthesia
Pastern - PIP joint
Fetlock - MCP joint
Which nerves do you block in a low four point block of the distal equine limb and where do they run?
Palmar nerves - just dorsal to DDFT and proximal to DFTS
Palmar metacarpal nerves - inject distal and axial to button of splints
Which nerves do you block in a high four point block of the distal equine limb and where do they run?
Palmar nerves - just dorsal to DDFT
Palmar metacarpal nerves - axial to splint bones
Why is the proximal interphalangeal joint hard to inject?
Small joint pouch
Where can you perform joint injections into the fetlock?
Dorsal or proximal palmar/plantar pouch
Through the collateral ligament
What is ‘ring bone’ and which types of horses suffer with this problem?
Pastern osteoarthritis
Mature working horse problem
List four features of ‘ringbone’
Periarticular osteophytes on dorsoproximal P2
Subchondral schlerosis
Narrow joint space
Low grade lameness
List two causes of lateral/medial and dorsal/plantar pastern luxation
Lateral/medial luxation - trauma, collateral ligament damage
Dorsal/plantar luxation - chronic overload, complication of desmotomy
What are the three types of fetlock OCD?
Type 1 - flattening of sagittal ridge
Type 2 - flattening with in situ fragment
Type 3 - floating fragment
Where are osteophytes commonly seen with fetlock OA?
On margins of sesamoid bones, dorso-proximal P1
How may you diagnose sesamoiditis on a radiograph?
Lytic lesions
With what problem do you often see sclerosis of palmar MCIII/MTIII
Proximal suspensory desmitis
Which horses often present with sore (bucked) shins and how do they present on radiographs?
Young racehorses
Periosteal and endosteal new bone
Intracortical fissures/lucencies
Which limb and which side (medial or lateral) are you most likely to see a horse with ‘splints’?
Medial > Lateral
Forelimb > Hindlimb
