Equine Carpus, Elbow and Shoulder Flashcards
What is the only nerve block performed on the equine proximal limb?
Median and ulnar nerve block
Describe the approach to the median and ulnar nerves in the median and ulnar nerve block
Ulnar nerve - approached from the caudal aspect, proximal to the accessory carpal bone
Median nerve - on the medial antebrachium just ventral to pectorals, caudal to radius
What are the 2 effective spaces of the equine carpal joint?
Antibrachiocarpal
Intercarpal + carpometacarpal
When is it important to know how to block the equine elbow joint?
Joint wounds on the olecranon
What are the five standard views of radiography of the carpus in the horse?
Lateromedial
Dorsopalmar
Dorsolatero-palmaromedial oblique
Dorsomedio-palmaolateral oblique
Flexed lateral
What are the two views of equine elbow radiographs and how would you position the horse for each?
Mediolateral - extended leg
Craniocaudal - weightbearing
What are the two radiographic views of the shoulder?
Mediolateral
Craniomedial caudolateral oblique
What are the two main populations of horses that experience carpal osteoarthritis?
Young racehorses
Mature pleasure horses
What is enostosis?
Area of sclerosis often around nutrient foramen
What is the common presentation of shoulder OCD in horses?
<1 year old with prominent lameness
Muscular atrophy over shoulder, possible club foot
Pain on palpation and manipulation
List four radiographic changes of shoulder OCD
Loss of congruity of articular surfaces
Flattening of humeral head/glenoid
Irregular lucencies in the subchondral bone with surrounding sclerosis
Cystic lesions in the glenoid
List two treatment options for shoulder OCD in horses
Conservative (poor outcome)
Surgical debridement
List four types of carpal fracture
Chip fractures
Slab fractures
Accessory carpal bone fractures
Comminuted fractures
Which joint in the equine carpus is most likely to fracture?
Mid carpal joint > radiocarpal joint
Where do carpal chip fractures usually occur (which bones and in which direction)?
Dorsally
From radial and 3rd carpal bones in midcarpal joint
What are carpal slab fractures and in which bone and plane do they most commonly occur in>
Corss between 2 articular surfaces from proximal to distal
Usually frontal plane
Radial facet of 3rd carpal bone
In which direction do accessory carpal bone fractures usually occur?
Sagittal
Which bone is most commonly the problem in elbow fractures?
Ulna»_space; Radius
List six of the most common shoulder fractures in the horse
Supraglenoid tubercle
Neck and body of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity
Humeral tubercles
Major humeral shaft
Stress fractures of humerus
