SA Arthritis, Joint Disease and Osteochondrosis Flashcards
What is degenerative joint disease also known as?
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthrosis
OA
Describe the pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease
Loss of cartilage matrix consitituents and chondrocytes
Flaking and fibrillation
Osteophytes
Synovial membranes thickening and fibrosis
How would you confirm a diagnosis of degenrative joint disease?
radiography or CT
How would you confirm a diagnosis of degenerative joint disease?
Osetophyte formation
Soft tissue swelling
Joint effusion
Sunchondral sclerosis
Synovial fluid analysis
Describe the goals of therapy of degenative joint disease
To alleviate discomfort, delay progression and restory affected joints to nromal pain free function as soon as possible.
List 5 benefits of exercising patients with degenerative joint disease
Strengthen ligaments
Maintain muscle tone
Prevent fibrosis
Lubrication of joints
Enhance proteglycan production
List four types of physical therapy available for patients with DJD.
Massage
Passive range of motion
Hydrotherapy
Acupuncture, homeopathy and chiropractic manipulation
List 5 nutraceuticals that can be used for DJD
Pentosan polysulphate
Glycosaminoglycans
Chondroitin sulphate
Green lipped mussel
ASU
List three surgical salvage prodcedures that can be used in DJD
Joint replacement
Joint fusion
Joint removal
List four methods of enivironmental modification for patients with DJD
Soft beds
Ramps or steps
Low litter tray
Feed on the floor (cats)
Describe the pathogenesis of infectious (septic) joint disease
Bacteria rapidly proliferate
Acute inflammatory response
Cytokine release
Cartilage damage/loss
Erosions
List five clinical signs of infectious (septic) joint disease
Sudden onset/chronic
Painful
Swollen/effusion
Severe lameness/non-weight bearing
Single joints more common than multiple
Describe the late and early changes on radiographs of infectious (septic) joint disease
Early changes - soft tissue swelling, effusion
Late changes - erosions, periosteal reaction
How would you diagnose infectious (septic) joint disease?
Arthrocentesis
- visual analysis
- cytological analysis
- culture and sensitivity
What are the treatment options for infectious (septic) joint disease?
Evacuate exudate
Lavage
Antibiotics
Surgical debridement
Implant removal
List three types of erosive immune mediated inflammatory joint disease.
Rheumatiod arthritis
Periosteal proliferative polyarthritis
Mycoplasmal polyarthritis
List 7 types of non-erosive immune mediated inflammatory joint disease
Idiopathic immune mediated polyarthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Polyarthritis/polymyositis
Polyarthritis/meningitis
Vaccination reactions
Drug reactions
Breed related
What are the four associated dieases of idiopathic immune mediated polyarthritis?
Type 1 - uncomplicated
Type 2 - remote infection
Type 3 - GIT disease
Type 4 - Neoplasia
Describe the pathogenesis of immune mediated polyarthritis
Type 3 hypersensitivity - immune complex deposition
List four lab investigations you could perform in the diagnosis of immune mediated polyarthritis
Haematology
ANA/RF
Arthrocentesis
+++ PMNs
List three drugs that can be used to treat idiopathic immune mediated polyarthritis
Prednisolone
Azathioprine
Cyclophosphamide
How would you diagnose a joint neoplasia?
histology/immunohistochemistry
How would you treat tumours that invase the joints?
Amputation, may metastasise locally and distantly
List three factors associated with diet that can be linked to osteochondrosis
High calories
High absolute calcium
Ab libitum feeding
