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Musculoskeletal > SA Arthritis, Joint Disease and Osteochondrosis > Flashcards

SA Arthritis, Joint Disease and Osteochondrosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is degenerative joint disease also known as?

A

Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthrosis
OA

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2
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease

A

Loss of cartilage matrix consitituents and chondrocytes
Flaking and fibrillation
Osteophytes
Synovial membranes thickening and fibrosis

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3
Q

How would you confirm a diagnosis of degenrative joint disease?

A

radiography or CT

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4
Q

How would you confirm a diagnosis of degenerative joint disease?

A

Osetophyte formation
Soft tissue swelling
Joint effusion
Sunchondral sclerosis
Synovial fluid analysis

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5
Q

Describe the goals of therapy of degenative joint disease

A

To alleviate discomfort, delay progression and restory affected joints to nromal pain free function as soon as possible.

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6
Q

List 5 benefits of exercising patients with degenerative joint disease

A

Strengthen ligaments
Maintain muscle tone
Prevent fibrosis
Lubrication of joints
Enhance proteglycan production

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7
Q

List four types of physical therapy available for patients with DJD.

A

Massage
Passive range of motion
Hydrotherapy
Acupuncture, homeopathy and chiropractic manipulation

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8
Q

List 5 nutraceuticals that can be used for DJD

A

Pentosan polysulphate
Glycosaminoglycans
Chondroitin sulphate
Green lipped mussel
ASU

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9
Q

List three surgical salvage prodcedures that can be used in DJD

A

Joint replacement
Joint fusion
Joint removal

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10
Q

List four methods of enivironmental modification for patients with DJD

A

Soft beds
Ramps or steps
Low litter tray
Feed on the floor (cats)

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11
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of infectious (septic) joint disease

A

Bacteria rapidly proliferate
Acute inflammatory response
Cytokine release
Cartilage damage/loss
Erosions

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12
Q

List five clinical signs of infectious (septic) joint disease

A

Sudden onset/chronic
Painful
Swollen/effusion
Severe lameness/non-weight bearing
Single joints more common than multiple

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13
Q

Describe the late and early changes on radiographs of infectious (septic) joint disease

A

Early changes - soft tissue swelling, effusion
Late changes - erosions, periosteal reaction

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14
Q

How would you diagnose infectious (septic) joint disease?

A

Arthrocentesis
- visual analysis
- cytological analysis
- culture and sensitivity

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15
Q

What are the treatment options for infectious (septic) joint disease?

A

Evacuate exudate
Lavage
Antibiotics
Surgical debridement
Implant removal

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16
Q

List three types of erosive immune mediated inflammatory joint disease.

A

Rheumatiod arthritis
Periosteal proliferative polyarthritis
Mycoplasmal polyarthritis

17
Q

List 7 types of non-erosive immune mediated inflammatory joint disease

A

Idiopathic immune mediated polyarthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Polyarthritis/polymyositis
Polyarthritis/meningitis
Vaccination reactions
Drug reactions
Breed related

18
Q

What are the four associated dieases of idiopathic immune mediated polyarthritis?

A

Type 1 - uncomplicated
Type 2 - remote infection
Type 3 - GIT disease
Type 4 - Neoplasia

19
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of immune mediated polyarthritis

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity - immune complex deposition

20
Q

List four lab investigations you could perform in the diagnosis of immune mediated polyarthritis

A

Haematology
ANA/RF
Arthrocentesis
+++ PMNs

21
Q

List three drugs that can be used to treat idiopathic immune mediated polyarthritis

A

Prednisolone
Azathioprine
Cyclophosphamide

22
Q

How would you diagnose a joint neoplasia?

A

histology/immunohistochemistry

23
Q

How would you treat tumours that invase the joints?

A

Amputation, may metastasise locally and distantly

24
Q

List three factors associated with diet that can be linked to osteochondrosis

A

High calories
High absolute calcium
Ab libitum feeding

25
Q

What is the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis?

A

Occurs as a failure of endochondral ossification or abnormal differentiation of cartilage into bone, which results in a thickened area of cartilage

26
Q

What is osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Flap of cartilage separating from bone.

27
Q

Describe the common signalment of animals with osteochondrosis?

A

Age: 4-8 months
Breed:
Dogs - large and giant breed
Cats - very rare
Sex: male>female

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of oseochondrosis?

A

Lameness insidious onset, chronic
Deteriorates after rest or excessive exercise
Bilateral

29
Q

List what you may see on a radiograph of a patient with osteochondrosis

A

Thickened cartilage
Mineralied flaps
Joint mice
Osteophyte formation

30
Q

List what you may see on a radiograph of a patient with osteochondrosis

A

Thickened cartilage
Mineralied flaps
Joint mice
Osteophyte formation

31
Q

List three surgical options for the treatment of osteochondrosis

A

Arthrotomy/arthrocscopy for cartilage flap removal
Forage
Chondrectomy

Musculoskeletal (39 decks)

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