Equine Tendon and Ligament Injuries Flashcards
Are tendon and ligament injuries more common in the fore or hindlimbs of horses?
Forelimb
Describe briefly the aetiopathogenesis of a strain
Overstretching during fast exercise
Initial mechanical disruption, fibre slippage and tearing with haemorrhage
Sunsequent inflammation; debrided by enzymes and macrophages
Repair by fibroblasts and capillary buds
Which stucture will a palmar digital nerve block affect?
Distal DDFT
Which stuctures will an abaxial sesamoid nerves block affect?
Distal DDFT
DIstal SDFT
Oblique and straight sesamoidean ligaments
Annular ligament
What are the four common entry portals of the digital flexor tendon sheath?
Proximal
Axial sesamoidean
Basilar
Distal
Where do most core lesions occur in superficial digital flexor tendonitis?
Zone 2b and 3b - Forelimbs
List four risk factors for superficial digital flexor tendonitis
Conformation
Ground surface
Training
Fitness
How may proximal suspensory desmitis present and in which limbs is it most commonly seen?
Persistent low grade lameness of performance horses
Hindlimbs predominantly
How would you diagnose proximal suspensory desmitis?
Blocking pattern (deep branch LPN)
Ultrasound
Scintigraphy
Radiography (sclerosis)
Which horses often present with inferior check ligament desmitis and which limbs does it usually affect?
Mature adult horses. Ponies and pleasure horses.
Forelimb problem
Where are lesions for DDFT desmitis usually located in the horse?
Hoof/distal pastern
Within DFTS
Proximal to DFTS
What is the best course of action of palmar/plantar annular ligament injury?
Transection of the PAL, desmotomy to release the constriction.
What is DFTS tenosynovitis occur?
DDFT>SDFT
Lateral>medial aspect
What is the best course of treatment for manica flexoria damage?
Resection and removal of the entire manica
List three treatment options, used as part of regenerative medicine to help improve the quality of healing
Growth factors
Platelet rich plasma
Mesenchymal stem cells
