Ruminant Thoracic Cavity (14) Flashcards
Dr. Concha
How many thoracic vertebrae are in the ruminant?
13
How many ribs are in the ruminant? Sternal, asternal, and floating?
13
1 to 8: sternal
9-13: asternal
NO FLOATING
The thoracic cavity of a ruminant is [smaller/larger] than in equine
smaller
What is the line of pleural reflection for the bovine?
where the costal pleura is continuous with the diaphragmatic pleura
Define the line of pleural reflection with topographic regions in the ruminant (Ox example)
from the 8th costochondral junction to the middle of the 11th rib to the 12-13th rib dorsally
Contrast the appearance of lungs on a bovine versus an equine
bovine: lungs have pronounced lobation
lobulated - thick connective tissue septa
Compared to the lungs of the horse, bovine lungs have asymmetry, where the [right/left] lung is larger
right
How many lobes does the bovine right lung have? List them
4
cranial lobe
caudal lobe
middle lobe
accessory lobe
What are the specific parts of the cranial lobe of the right lung?
has a cranial and caudal part
ex: “cranial part of the cranial lobe”
Where is the cardiac notch in bovine?
3-4 intercostal space
in the cranial lobe of right lung area
How many hiluses does the right bovine lung have? How does this compare to the horse?
has 2 hiluses!
horses have 1 hilus each side (left and right)
What is the tracheal bronchus in ruminants? Where does it course?
present in ruminants
tracheal bronchus courses to the right cranial lung lobe
What is this structure?
pulmonary ligament
What is this structure?
plica for caudal vena cava and R. phrenic n.
How many lobes does the left lung have in the bovine? What are they called?
2
cranial lobe
caudal lobe
The [cranial/caudal] lobe of the left lung in the bovine houses the cardiac notch
cranial
On the left side, which intercostal space is the cardiac notch in on the bovine? To what rib?
3rd intercostal space
to 5th rib
T/F: There are two hilusus on the left lung like the right side.
FALSE - only 1 like the horse!
What is the basal border of the lungs on the bovine? How does it compare with the horse?
6th costochondral junction to 11th rib dorsally
“straight line”
differs to the horse because the most dorsal part was on the 16th rib, and cows only have 13 ribs. So, the 11th rib is most dorsal
Where does the line of pleural reflection on the bovine extend?
8th to 12-13th rib
What does the orange star area represent?
costodiaphragmatic recess
How do you auscult the lungs on the bovine?
From the dorsal view of the base of the heart, what fibrous structure do you see that helps maintain the heart’s shape?
ossa cordis
What is the coronary circulation in the ruminant via the left coronary artery?
left coronary artery —> paraconal interventricular branch —> circumflex branch —>
» intermediate branch
» subsinuosal interventricular branch
the horse is opposite with the right coronary artery branching eventually to subsinuosal
What is the coronary circulation in the ruminant via the right coronary artery?
right coronary artery —> circumflex branch
What vein is specific to cows/ruminants?
caudal cardiac vein
What is the coronary circulation in the cow?
caudal cardiac vein
great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
Where is the pulmonary valve heard on the bovine?
3rd intercostal space - medial to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Where is the aortic valve heard on the bovine?
4th intercostal space - ventral to the shoulder joint
Where is the mitral valve heard on the bovine?
4th intercostal space - medial to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Where is the tricuspid valve heard on the bovine?
4th intercostal space - medial to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
What does the branching of the aortic arch look like on the cow?
similar to the horse in which there is a bicarotid trunk with right and left common carotids
Are the veins different in the bovine compared with the horse?
no? I don’t see any
What are the major veins of the thorax in a bovine?
cranial vena cava —> bijugular trunk —> external jugular vein —> subclavian vv.
The right ayzgous vein in the bovine drains into the ______
cranial vena cava
The left azygous vein in the bovine drains into the _______
coronary sinus the heart
What vein drains into the coronary sinus along with the left azygous vein?
costocervical vein
Which lymph node in the bovine is particularly large and in between the aorta and esophagus?
caudal mediastinal lymph node
What is comprised of the mediastinal lymphocenter?
cranial mediastinal lymph node
caudal mediastinal lymph node
middle mediastinal lymph node
What is comprised of the bronchial lymphocenter in the bovine?
tracheobronchial lymph node
pulmonary lymph node
Label 1-4
- caudal lung lobe (right)
- middle lung lobe
- caudal part of cranial lobe
- cranial part of cranial lobe
