Equine Digestive System - Head & Neck (27) Flashcards
Dr. Pimentel
What are the function of equine lips?
used for selection and prehension of food
sensitive and mobile
What is the function of the oral vestibule?
communicates with the oral cavity by the diastema and the space caudal to the last molar
between lips & gum of teeth
What is the palatoglossal arch?
caudal boundary of the oral cavity
joins caudal end of the hard palate and the root of the tongue
What is the hard palate?
incisive, maxillary, and palatine bones
covered with a thick mucosa with uneven palatine crests and an enlarged palatine venous plexus
Incisive papilla in equines is present but _____
blind - does not communicate between oral and nasal cavity
Label 1-2
- incisive papilla
- palatoglossal arch
Describe the features of the tongue in the equine
long and spatulate in its apex, with a narrow frenulum with two fleshy sublingual caruncles
What kind of papillae of the tongue gives it a velvet-like surface?
filiform
______ papillae of the tongue is scarce in the horse
fungiform
Two big vallate papillae are between the ____ and ____ of the tongue
body
root
Where are foliate papillae?
lateral to the root
What acts as the rostral boundary of the oropharynx?
palatoglossal arch
What are in the lateral walls of the oropharynx?
large palatine tonsils
The glossoepiglotic fold is between the _____ and the ______
root of the tongue
base of epiglottis
What are epiglottic vallecula?
each side of the glossoepiglottic fold
leads to the laryngopharynx (piriform recesses)
Label 1-3
- epiglottic vallecula
- piriform recesses
- laryngopharynx
What is the parotid gland in horses?
the largest, partially covered by parotidauricularis muscle
T/F: The parotid duct goes across the masseter muscle
FALSE
What is the mandibular gland in horses?
partially covered by the mandibular branch
has a mandibular duct that opens in the sublingual caruncle
Label 1-2
- parotid salivary gland (notice that it does not go across; it goes ventral to masseter m.)
- mandibular salivary gland
The mandibular salivary gland is more [rostral/caudal] than the mandibular lymph node
gland: more rostral
Label 1-4
- linguofacial vein
- mandibular LYMPH NODE
- parotid duct
- mandibular salivary gland
What is the first branch of the superficial temporal artery?
transverse facial artery
What are branches of the external carotid a.?
linguofacial trunk
masseteric a. > caudal auricular a.
What are the arteries for pulse palpation on the equine face?
transverse facial
facial
+/- masseteric
Where can you get direct blood pressure from in the equine face?
transverse facial a.
facial a.
List the alternative sites for blood collection in the equine face
transverse facial venous sinus
buccal venous sinus
deep facial venous sinus
Label 1-3
- transverse facial venous sinus
- deep facial venous sinous
- buccal venous sinus
What are the main nerves of the equine head?
trigeminal nerve CN V
facial nerves CN VII
What is the role of CN V in the equine head?
main sensory nerve of the equine head
motor to mastication muscles
What is the role of CV VII in the equine head?
motor to muscles of facial expression (facial and auricular m.)
- special sense taste in rostral tongue
- sensory internal ear
- parasympathetic innervation to salivary glands
What nerve does this represent, and what are the branches?
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- ophthalmic n. V1
- maxillary n. V2
- mandibular n. V3
Label 1-6
- maxillary n. V2
- mandibular n. V3
- ophthalmic n. V1
- maxillary n. V2
- mandibular n. V3
- trigeminal n. V
What is CN VII sensory to?
special sense - taste in rostral tongue
sensory to internal ear
PNS innervation to salivary glands
Label 1-5
- auriculopalpebral n.
- dorsal buccal branch of facial n.
- ventral buccal branch of facial n.
- facial n.
- masseteric a. & v.
Label 1-5
- transverse facial a. & v.
- dorsal buccal branch of facial n.
- angularis occuli v.
- facial a. & v.
- ventral buccal branch of facial n.
Label 6-10
- parotid duct
- linguofacial v.
- external jugular v.
- masseteric a. & v.
- parotid salivary gland
A horse presents with nervous system issues as shown by the picture. Which nerve(s) is/are affected?
CN VII
CN VII is motor for facial expressions, so it is compromised since the right ear is lowered
