Ruminant Digestive II (18)

Question 1

A reverse D shape on a bovine is indicative of _____

Answer 1

bloat

Question 2

What are the 4 types of nerve blocks in a bovine? List vertebrae used

Answer 2

proximal paravertebral
distal paravertebral
inverted L
line block

T13, L1, L2, L3

Question 3

What is the goal of paravertebral nerve blocks?

Answer 3

block the nerves responsible for the sensation to the animal’s abdominal skin and musculature

Question 4

Describe a proximal paravertebral nerve block

Answer 4

hitting the nerve immediately after it leaves the spinal cord

find the spinous processes of T13, L1, L2

6” spinal needle is inserted in a ventral fashion until the transverse process is hit

Question 5

What is anesthetized in a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Answer 5

T13
L1
L2

Question 6

Describe a distal paravertebral nerve block

Answer 6

find the transverse processes of L1, L2, and L4

lidocaine must be injected above and below the spinous processes - so twice

Question 7

What is anesthetized in a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Answer 7

T13
L1
L2

Question 8

Why must one inject twice on a distal paravertebral nerve block?

Answer 8

because the ventral and dorsal branches of the spinal nerve have separated at this point, so lidocaine must be injected above and below the spinous processes

Question 9

Why is L3 skipped on a distal paravertebral nerve block?

Answer 9

the nerves of L3 is a lot deeper

Question 10

What is a ping?

Answer 10

produced when a gas-filled organ under pressure is in contact with the body wall

any organ that can contact the body wall and fill with gas can ping, so location is very important

Question 11

What can a ping on the left side indicate?

Answer 11

rumen gas cap
LDA

Question 12

What can a ping on the right side indicate?

Answer 12

RDA
RTA (RAV)
cecal dilatation
cecal volvulus
duodenal gas
colonic gas (spiral colon)
uterine gas
free abdominal gas

Question 13

Where will you a hear a ping (general location)?

Answer 13

draw a line from elbow to tuber coxae - displaced abomasum are centered around this line on the right or left side

Question 14

Where most commonly will displaced abomasums be found? (Rib #)

Answer 14

under the ribs on either side, extending from rib 9-13

Question 15

What is the most common surgery approach to displaced abomasum surgery and C-sections?

Answer 15

standing flank incisions

Question 16

Your incision for a displaced abomasum and C-section will start 8-10 cm ventral to transverse processes of ____ and _____

Answer 16

L2
L3

Question 17

As you progress deeper into the abdominal musculature, what must you be careful of?

Answer 17

the rumen is immediately under the peritoneum on either side

Question 18

What are fistulated cows?

Answer 18

often used as rumen juice donors

Question 19

Where should the surgery site of fistulated cows not be?

Answer 19

too far ventral to allows blockage of the port by rumen contents

should also not be so far dorsal that it places unnecessary strain on ruminal tissue

Question 20

Where should you take a liver biopsy?

Answer 20

11th intercostal space, in line with the lower part of the coxal tuber

Question 21

Why must caution be taken when getting a liver biopsy?

Answer 21

the liver is intimately apposed to the pleural space