Reptiles (36-37) Flashcards
Dr. Nader
What is included in chelonians?
terrapins, tortoises, and turtles
What is included in squamata?
lizards and snakes - superorder
What are spurs regarding reptiles? What species?
pythons and boa constrictors that have pelvic remnants
vestigial femur w/in spurs with bony components of their skeletal system
What is the purpose of having spurs for male boas and pythons?
help line up to female vent for reproduction
What is this? What species?
spurs - boas and pythons
What is this? What species?
spurs - boas and pythons
The [plastron/carapace] is the top part of the shell, and the [plastron/carapace] is the bottom part of the shell
top: carapace
bottom: plastron
What is the only vertebrate group in which the pectoral girdle is contained inside the rib cage?
chelonians
What is contained inside the rib cage regarding chelonians?
pectoral girdle
What is this showing?
the pectoral girdle being inside the rib cage - chelonians
What is the function of the Jacobson’s organ? What group?
critical for detecting scents, odors, and chemical information from the reptile’s environment
lizards and snakes - not turtles
Describe what the reptile does to utilize the Jacobson’s organ
reptile flicks tongue into and across the dorsal aspect of oral cavity to capture chemical signals within the environment
What is this?
Jacobson’s organ
Describe the location of the heart in the snake
in cranial 25-30% of body length (1/3)
What is this?
heart
Label 1-4
- trachea
- heart
- intestines
- stomach
Reptile hearts can be how many chambers?
2, 3, or 4 chambered
snakes and turtles: 3
What are the phlebotomy sites in chelonians?
jugular vein
dorsal vertebral sinus
brachial vein
dorsal tail vein
Which phlebotomy site of chelonians has the least likelihood of lymph contamination?
jugular vein blood collection
Where is this person drawing blood?
dorsal vertebral sinus
Where is this person drawing blood?
brachial vein
What are the phlebotomy sites in squamata, specifically snakes?
coccygeal “tail” vein
cardiac phlebotomy
palatine vein
Label the phlebotomy sites 1-3
- coccygeal vein
- palatine vein
- cardiac phlebotomy
What is the lung type of turtles?
sac-like
Label 1-4
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
- right lung
Describe snake lungs shape
sac-like
very longitudinal (like most of their organs)
How many radiographic views minimum should a turtle have? List types
3! (sometimes 4)
dorsal/ventral view
lateral view
cranial/caudal view
What view is this, and what is the structure?
cranial view
lung fields
T/F: Turtles only have 10 cranial nerves
FALSE - all vertebrates have 12
Label 1-2 and identify species comparison
top: cat
bottom: reptile aka leatherback turtle
- cerebellum
- cerebral hemispheres
What is this? Compare it with the brain
salt gland
salt gland is bigger in comparison to brain
Label 1-2
- brain
- salt gland
Label 1-5
- liver
- gallbladder
- right lung
- small intestines
- cloaca
Label 6-11
- esophagus
- trachea
- stomach
- pancreas
- duodenum
- vent
Describe reproduction of reptiles
most reptiles reproduce sexually, though some asexually
all reproductive activity occurs through cloaca
males and females usually put their cloaca together and the male excretes sperm
What is the structure in these photos?
engorged phallus
left: turtle
right: tortoise
What modification is in the male plastron? Why?
indented plastron to ensure he doesn’t fall off during mating
How can you tell a turtle is male or female?
look at shell length - male shorter
observe the plastron - male slightly concave
tail - male longer and thicker
front claws - males longer
some species with iris color
cloaca - males slit-like appearance
How do snakes mate?
male hemipenes are placed within female vent
T/F: In snakes, blood supplies an engorged phallus to make it erect
FALSE - lymphatic fluid
What is used to determine the sex of a snake? How?
blunt probes placed in cloaca
used to measure length of hemipenes in relation to the number of scales i.e. belly scales
Describe the snake phallic organs
hemipenes - bilaterally symmetrical
engorged with lymph fluid rather than whole blood like mammals
What is this? What species?
hemipenes - snakes
What are the 4 venomous snakes in North America?
rattlesnakes
coral snakes
cottonmouth moccasins
copperhead snakes
What are the 2 venomous lizards in North America?
gila monster
beaded lizard
What snake has the highest percentage of neurotoxins?
coral snakes
What is this? Who has this?
infra-red detection organ
NOT coral snakes
