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Comparative > Ruminant Digestive Organs of Head & Neck (30) > Flashcards

Ruminant Digestive Organs of Head & Neck (30) Flashcards

Dr. Concha

1
Q

What are the properties of bovine nasolabial plane and lips?

A

no frenulum

rigid and cornified lips - cows don’t usually use their lips to get food

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2
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. nasolabial plane
  2. rigid & cornified lips
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3
Q

The _______ in the bovine has a unique pattern for each animal

A

nasolabial plane

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4
Q

What are conical papillae? Where are they found?

A

cornified (keratinized) papillae caudally oriented to facilitate the entrance of food

can be divided in two according to location

labial vs. buccal

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5
Q

Where is labial conical papillae found?

A

internal wall of lips

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6
Q

Where is buccal conical papillae?

A

internal wall of cheek

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7
Q

What are the types of conical papillae?

A

buccal
labial

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8
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. conical papillae
  2. labial (internal wall of lips)
  3. buccal (internal wall of cheek)
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9
Q

What is the bovine dental pad?

A

fibrous elastic tissue that replace upper incisors

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10
Q

What ducts open into the sublingual caruncle?

A

sublingual salivary duct
mandibular salivary duct

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11
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. dental pad
  2. palatine ridges
  3. sublingual caruncles
  4. conical papillae
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12
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. palatine ridges
  2. conical papillae
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13
Q

What is this?

A

hard palate & palatine sinus

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14
Q

[Small/Large] ruminants have very mobile lips with an important role in prehension of food

A

SMALL ruminants

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15
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. nasal plane
  2. philtrum
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16
Q

What is this?

A

conical papillae in a goat

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17
Q

What is the importance of the tongue in bovines?

A

the main organ for food prehension

very mobile

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18
Q

Where is the lingual fossa located?

A

between the body and the root of the tongue

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19
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. lingual fossa
  2. lingual torus
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20
Q

What is the significance of the lingual fossa?

A

has very delicate mucosa in the fossa

can get pricked and become an origin for infection

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21
Q

Which bovine papillae have mechanical function?

A

conical papillae
lenticular papillae
filiform papillae

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22
Q

Which bovine papillae have sensory function? Assign cranial nerves to each

A

vallate papillae - CN IX
fungiform papillae - CN VII

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23
Q

Label the parts of the tongue from 1-3

A
  1. root of the tongue
  2. body of the tongue
  3. apex of the tongue
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24
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. conical & lenticular papillae
  2. lingual torus
  3. lingual fossa
  4. filiform papillae
  5. vallate papillae (CN IV)
  6. fungiform papillae (CN VII)
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25
Q

Vallate papillae is CN _____, and fungiform papillae is CN _____

A

vallate: CN IX

fungiform: CN VII

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26
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. lingual fossa
  2. conical papillae - mechanical
  3. lenticular papillae - mechanical
  4. vallate papillae - sensory, CN IX
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27
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. filiform papillae - mechanical
  2. fungiform papillae - sensory, CN VII
28
Q

What is the largest salivary gland in the cow?

A

mandibular salivary gland

29
Q

Describe the position of the bovine mandibular gland

A

has a vertical portion located caudal to the mandible and parotid gland

may be extended ventral to the wings of the atlas

horizontal portion: located in the intermandibular space

30
Q

The mandibular duct opens in the _______

A

sublingual caruncle

31
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. mandibular duct opens at sublingual caruncle
  2. mandibular gland
32
Q

Identify the gland and its location shown here

A

mandibular gland
extends to the intermandibular space

make sure to differentiate the gland from the lymph node!

33
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. buccal glands
  2. dorsal buccal gland
  3. middle buccal gland
  4. ventral buccal gland
  5. monostomatic & polistomatic sublingual glands
  6. mandibular gland
34
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into?

A

the buccal vestible in front of the upper second molar

35
Q

The parotid duct opens in the buccal vestibule in front of the ______

A

upper second molar

36
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. parotid gland
  2. parotid duct - opens into buccal vestible
  3. mandibular duct opens in sublingual caruncle
  4. mandibular gland
37
Q

What is this?

A

parotid duct

38
Q

In the goat, the parotid duct runs [superficial/deep] to the [dorsal/ventral] border of the ________ muscle

A

superficial
ventral
masseter m.

39
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. parotid duct
  2. mandibular gland
  3. parotid gland
40
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. soft palate
  2. oropharynx cavity
  3. root of the tongue
41
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. soft palate
  2. tonsillar sinus
  3. root of the tongue
  4. palatine tonsil
  5. soft palate cont.
  6. epiglottis
42
Q

What is this?

A

laryngopharynx

43
Q

What are the pharyngeal constrictor mm.?

A

hyopharyngeus m.
thyropharyngeus m.
crcyophayrngeus m.

44
Q

List the pharyngeal constrictor muscles from cranial to caudal

A

hyopharyngeus m.
thyropharyngeus m.
crycopharyngeus m.

45
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. pharyngeal constrictor mm.
  2. laryngopharynx cavity
  3. esophagus
46
Q

What is the ruminant dental formula - deciduous?

A
47
Q

What is the ruminant dental formula - permanent?

A
48
Q

In ruminants, there are no _____ or ______, regarding teeth

A

upper incisors
canines

49
Q

In ruminants, it is customary to refer to the ______ tooth as the fourth incisor

A

canine tooth

50
Q

When are deciduous teeth present for cattle?

A

present at birth - 2 weeks

51
Q

When do permanent incisors in cattle appear?

A

incisor 1: 2 years
incisor 2: 2.5 years
incisor 3: 3.5 years
incisor 4: 4 years

52
Q

What are pinchers regarding cattle teeth?

A

I believe that’s referring to I1, kinda like what the “central” incisors would be on the horse

53
Q

What are corners regarding cattle teeth?

A

correspond to the canine tooth that adapt an incisor shape and move close to incisor 3

54
Q

If there is a permanent incisor 2, the animal must be considered greater than or equal to _______

A

30 months

55
Q

What are the eruption dates for premolars and molars in cows?

A

premolars: birth - 1 week
molars: not starting till 6 months

56
Q

What is this?

A

diastema - use this to get tongue out of mouth

57
Q

Bovine incisors are [brachydont/hypsodont]

A

brachydont

58
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. mandibular symphysis
  2. crown
  3. neck
  4. root
  5. brachydont
59
Q

In animals with brachydont teeth, what happens over time? What is the end result?

A

the crowns wear off almost completely to the neck of the tooth over time

these animals are called “peg mouth”

eventually, the tooth falls out

60
Q

How do you differentiate deciduous versus permanent teeth in cattle?

A

deciduous: smaller and diverge more from the gum line

61
Q

How old is this cow? How do you know?

A

greater than 30 months

incisor 2 is present, meaning it is at least 2.5 years

62
Q

What is the take-home message differentiating small ruminant teeth versus cattle?

A

small ruminant: permanent incisors erupt about 6 months earlier than cattle

63
Q

What is the type of joint between the root of a tooth and the aleveolus by the periodontal ligament?

A

gomphosis

64
Q

The crown of a tooth is encased in ______, and the root is encased in _______

A

crown: enamel
root: cement

65
Q

Gomphosis is a type of _____ joint, meaning it is _______ and _________

A

fibrous joints

immobile
bones are united by dense connective tissues

66
Q

Label 1-7

A
  1. crown
  2. dentine
  3. pulp
  4. gum
  5. cement
  6. periodontal ligament
  7. socket (alveolus)
67
Q
A

Comparative (37 decks)

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