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Comparative > Equine Limb Vessels & Nerves (6) > Flashcards

Equine Limb Vessels & Nerves (6) Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve is this?

A

suprascapular nerve

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2
Q

List the nerves of the brachial region

A

suprascapular
subscapular
axillary
median
radial
ulnar
musculocutaneous

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3
Q

Which nerve is damaged in “Sweeny” shoulder?

A

suprascapular nerve

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4
Q

Why is damage to the suprascapular nerve in horses more common?

A

horses don’t have an acromion processes

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5
Q

“Sweeny” shoulder results in _____

A

atrophy of supra and infraspinatus, shoulder instability, and shoulder “slip”

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6
Q

What is the result of?

A

sweeny shoulder

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7
Q

Which nerve is this? Muscle(s) it innervates?

A

subscapular n.
subscapularis m.

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8
Q

Which nerve is this? Muscle(s) it innervates?

A

axillary n.
deltoideus m.
teres major m.

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9
Q

Which nerve is this? Muscle(s) it innervates?

A

musculocutaneous n.
biceps brachii m.
brachial m.

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10
Q

Which nerve is this? Muscle(s) it innervates?

A

median n.
flexors of the carpus and digits

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11
Q

Which nerve is this? Muscle(s) it innervates?

A

radial n.
triceps (motor), extensors of the carpus and digits (deep branch)

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12
Q

Identify this structure

A

lateral cutaneous antebrachial n. (radial n.)

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13
Q

Which nerve is this? Muscle(s) it innervates?

A

ulnar n.
goes caudal & near olecranon
lateral digital extensor m., etc

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14
Q

What is wrong with this horse?

A

cannot extend digits
radial n. (deep/distal aka antebrachial branch)

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15
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. lateral palmar n.
  2. medial palmar n.
  3. deep branch of lateral palmar n.
  4. communicating branch
  5. dorsal branch of digital nerve
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16
Q

Label 1-6 autonomous zones

A
  1. ulnar n.
  2. musculocutaneous n.
  3. median n.
  4. ulnar n.
  5. radial n.
  6. ulnar n.
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17
Q

What does the musculocutaneous n. branch off in to?

A

medial cutaneous antebrachial

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18
Q

What does the ulnar nerve split off into?

A

dorsal branch
lateral palmar

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19
Q

What does the median nerve branch off into?

A

lateral palmar n.
medial palmar n.

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20
Q

Ulnar and median nerves branch off into a common nerve, called the ________

A

lateral palmar n.

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21
Q

The lateral palmar n. breaks off into ______

A

lateral palmar metacarpal n.
medial palmar metacarpal n.

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22
Q

Label the colors (palmar view)

A

yellow: median and medial palmar nerves (dotted)
green: lateral palmar n.
pink: medial metacarpal
red: lateral metacarpal
blue: ulnar and dorsal branch

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23
Q

Label the colors (dorsal view)

A

blue: ulnar and dorsal branch
purple: medial cutaneous antebrachial
yellow: median and medial palmar
green: lateral palmar

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24
Q

List the main arteries off the axillary artery

A

axillary artery
brachial artery
median artery
medial palmar - then breaks off into lateral palmar digital and medial palmar digital

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25
Q

The brachial artery gives rise to ______

A

collateral ulnar artery
and median artery

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26
Q

The radial artery is derived from the ______

A

median artery

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27
Q

What does the radial artery give rise to?

A

medial & lateral palmar metacarpal
and lateral palmar

28
Q

The lateral palmar artery is from the _______

A

collateral ulnar artery
radial artery

29
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. medial/lateral palmar metacarpal arteries
  2. medial/lateral palmar digital arteries
  3. dorsal branches of digital a/v
30
Q

The [medial/lateral] part of the proximal sesamoidean bones are easily palpable

A

lateral proximal sesamoid bone

31
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. lateral & medial palmar arteries
  2. lateral & medial digital palmar arteries
32
Q

Which nerves are in the lumbosacral plexus of the equine?

A

cranial & caudal gluteal
femoral —> saphenous
obturator
sciatic —> tibial, common fibularis (superficial, deep)

33
Q

Which nerve(s) is this?

A

femoral n.
then saphenous (light blue)

34
Q

What is the femoral nerve responsible for?

A

innervates quads
extensor for stifle

35
Q

The saphenous nerve is [motor/sensory/both]? For what?

A

sensory
cutaneous branch - responsible for sensation of medial femoral region

36
Q

Which nerve is this? What muscles does it innervate?

A

obturator n.
adductor muscles - adduction of pelvic limb

37
Q

Which nerve(s) is/are compressed that results in a mare trying to give birth and looking like this?

A

obturator n.

38
Q

Label the nerves

A

dark blue: sciatic n.
higher light blue: tibial n.
lower light blue: common fibularis (peroneal)

39
Q

The tibial nerve is more [cranial/caudal] and [thinner/larger], and the common fibularis is more [cranial/caudal] and [thinner/larger]

A

tibial nerve: caudal, larger
common fibularis: cranial, thinner

40
Q

Label 1-4 (autonomous zones of the pelvic limb)

A
  1. saphenous n.
  2. tibial n.
  3. tibial n.
  4. peroneal n.
41
Q

What does the fibular n. break off into?

A

deep fibular
superficial fibular

42
Q

What does the tibial n. break off into?

A

caudal cutaneous sural
lateral plantar —> deep branch
medial plantar

43
Q

What breaks off from the lateral plantar n. from the tibial n.?

A

deep branch –>
lateral/medial plantar metatarsal

44
Q

Label the colors (nerves, plantar view)

A

yellow: medial plantar
light red: medial plantar metatarsal
red: lateral plantar metatarsal
light green: tibial n.
green: lateral plantar

45
Q

Label the colors (nerves, dorsal view)

A

brown: saphenous
yellow: medial plantar
light purple: medial dorsal metatarsal
purple: lateral dorsal metatarsal
red: superficial fibular
teal: caudal cutaneous sural
green: lateral plantar

46
Q

Fill in the blanks: femoral a. —> ______ a. —> caudal tibial a. —> medial/lateral ______ —> medial/lateral plantar digital

A

popliteal a.
medial/lateral plantar a.

47
Q

Fill in the blanks: femoral a. —> _______ —> cranial tibial a. —> ________ —> _________

A

popliteal a.
dorsal pedal a.
dorsal metatarsal a.

48
Q

Which nerve is blocked when you insert the needle over the neurovascular bundle? (at the proximal border of the collateral cartilage)

A

palmar digital nerve block

49
Q

What does the palmar digital nerve block block?

A

from point of injection to digital
sole, navicular apparatus, coffin joint, distal flexor tendon sheath, distal sesamoidean ligaments, loss of skin sensation at the heel
nerve: palmar digital nerve

50
Q

A veterinarian is performing a nerve block. Which one is this?

A

palmar digital nerve block

51
Q

What is the technique for the abaxial sesamoid nerve block?

A

insert the needle at the abaxial surface of the sesamoid
point needle distally

52
Q

What are the targeted nerves in the abaxial sesamoid nerve block?

A

palmar digital nerves

53
Q

What structures does the abaxial sesamoid nerve block target?

A

foot
middle phalanx
pastern joint
distal P1
distal sdf and ddf
distal sesamoidean ligaments
distal annular ligament
+/- fetlock joint

54
Q

Where do you insert the low 4-point block?

A

SQ between the suspensory ligament and the DDF tendon

55
Q

What are the nerves associated with the low 4 point block?

A

palmar metacarpal/tarsal nerves (adjacent to splint)
palmar nerves (between suspensory and DDFT)

56
Q

What structures does the low 4 point nerve block target?

A

fetlock joint, suspensory branches, more proximal sdf & ddf
foot
middle phalanx
pastern joint
distal P1
distal sesamoidean ligaments
distal annular ligament

57
Q

What is special about the low 4 point block on the hind limb?

A

performed the same as the forelimb
will not reliably anesthetize the skin dorsally
important in suturing a laceration

58
Q

A high 4 point block is done on the [front/hind] limb

A

front

59
Q

What are the nerves involved in the high 4 point block?

A

medial/lateral palmar nerves
medial/lateral palmar metacarpal nerves

60
Q

The high 4 point block can inadvertently enter the ____ joint, so be careful

A

carpometacarpal joint

61
Q

What structures does the high 4 point nerve block target?

A

flexor tendons
splint bones
interosseous ligaments (between MC2/4 and MC3)
proximal suspensory ligament
inferior check ligament

62
Q

Which nerves do the high 4 (6) point block hind limb block?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves*
medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves*
dorsal metatarsal nerves - dorsal cannon, necessary for lacerations, not commonly clinically relevant
* = everything distal to the tarsometatarsal except the dorsal over the cannon bone

63
Q

Label A-D

A

A: antebrachiocarpal (radoiocarpal joint)
B: intercarpal joint (middle carpal) joint
C: carpometacarpal joint
D: carpal flexor tendon sheath

64
Q

Label A-H

A

A: tarsocrural and proximal intertarsal joints
B: distal intertarsal joint
C: tarsometatarsal joint
D: gastrocnemius tendon
E: gastrocnemius calcaneal bursa
F: subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
G: intertendinous calcaneal bursa
H: superficial digital flexor tendon

65
Q

Label A-H

A

A: metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joint
B: proximal interphalangeal joint
C: distal interphalangeal joint
D: flexor tendons
E: digital flexor tendon sheath
F: suspensory ligament
G: extensor branches of the suspensory ligament
H: navicular bursa

Comparative (37 decks)

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