Equine Osteology: Thoracic Limb (1)

Question 1

______ is an ungulate with an odd number of digits

Answer 1

Perissodactylid

Question 2

______ is an ungulate with an even number of digits

Answer 2

Artiodactylid

Question 3

A horse is an example of a [perissodactylid/artiodactylid], and a cow is an example of a [perissodactylid/artiodactylid]

Answer 3

horse: perissodactylid
cow: artiodactylid

Question 4

Horses bear weight on only one _____

Answer 4

one digit (metacarpal #3)

Question 5

What is the colloquial term for metacarpal III?

Answer 5

cannon bone

Question 6

What is the colloquial term for metacarpal II & IV?

Answer 6

splint bones

Question 7

What are the pastern bones?

Answer 7

long pastern: proximal phalanx
short pastern: middle phalanx

Question 8

What is the coffin bone?

Answer 8

distal phalanx

Question 9

T/F: Like dogs, horses also have an acromion process

Answer 9

FALSE - horses do not have an acromion process on the scapula

Question 10

Horses, regarding the scapula, have a divided _______

Answer 10

serrated face

Question 11

Label 1-3

Answer 11

1. supraglenoid tubercle
2. coracoid process
3. glenoid cavity

Question 12

Label 1-2

Answer 12

1. deltoid tuberosity
2. greater tubercle

Question 13

Which parts of the humerus on equids have cranial and caudal portions?

Answer 13

greater tubercle
lesser tubercle

Question 14

Label 1-3

Answer 14

1. teres major tuberosity
2. cranial part of lesser tubercle
3. caudal part of lesser tubercle

Question 15

Label 1-4

Answer 15

1. lesser tubercle
2. intermediate tubercle
3. greater tubercle
4. intertubercular groove

Question 16

Which 2 large bones on the thoracic limb are fused? Which bone travels distally?

Answer 16

ulna and radius
radius (so has both lateral and medial styloid processes - in the dog, the ulna has the lateral styloid process)

Question 17

The equine [medial/lateral] splint bone is generally longer

Answer 17

medial

Question 18

What is this?

Answer 18

proximal sesamoids

Question 19

Label 1-4

Answer 19

1. proximal phalanx (long pastern bone)
2. middle phalanx (short pastern bone)
3. navicular (distal sesamoid bone)
4. distal phalanx (coffin bone)

Question 20

What is special about the humeral joint regarding ligaments?

Answer 20

there are no collateral ligaments
all other joints, like the cubital joint, have them

Question 21

Label 1-8

Answer 21

1. radial carpal bone
2. carpal bone III
3. tuberosity of metacarpal III
4. intermediate carpal bone
5. ulnar carpal bone
6. carpal bone IV
7. metacarpal IV (lateral splint bone)
8. metacarpal III (cannon bone)

Question 22

Identify *

Answer 22

yellow: ulnar carpal bone
blue: carpal bone IV
red: metacarpal II (medial splint bone)

Question 23

Label 1-3

Answer 23

1. radiocarpal joint
2. middle carpal joint
3. carpometacarpal joint

Question 24

Label 1-4

Answer 24

1. extensor retinaculum
2. inter carpal ligaments
3. palmar carpal ligament
4. flexor retinaculum

Question 25

Which joint is this?

Answer 25

metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 26

The proximal interphalangeal joint is located between the ______ and _______

Answer 26

proximal phalanx
middle phalanx

Question 27

The distal interphalangeal joint is located between the _____ and _____

Answer 27

middle phalanx
distal phalanx

Question 28

Label 1-2

Answer 28

1. proximal interphalangeal joint
2. distal interphalangeal joint