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Comparative > Equine Respiratory System (26) > Flashcards

Equine Respiratory System (26) Flashcards

Dr. Pimentel

1
Q

T/F: Horses don’t have a nasal planum

A

TRUE

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2
Q

What is the nasal diverticulum in horses?

A

a blind sac with great capacity for expansion between alar cartilage and nasoincisive notch

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3
Q

What is this person’s finger entering?

A

nasal diverticulum

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4
Q

T/F: Cows have a nasolabial plane

A

TRUE

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity - rostral and caudal?

A

rostral: nostrils
caudal: choanae

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6
Q

How is the nasal cavity divided?

A

medially by the nasal septum (bone caudally and cartilage rostrally)

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7
Q

What is the nasal vestibule?

A

a pigmented surface between the skin and mucosa

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8
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct flow into?

A

flows into the vestibule near the mucocutaneous junction

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9
Q

What keeps the humidity of the nose?

A

nasal glands
lacrimal glands

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10
Q

What is this?

A

muco-cutaneous junction

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11
Q

What is this structure?

A

nasolacrimal duct

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12
Q

What are nasal conchae?

A

correspond to papyraceous bones that continue from the ethmoid bone (ethmoid labyrinth)

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13
Q

What do ethmoidal conchae correspond to?

A

endo and ectoturbinates

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14
Q

What do dorsal nasal concha correspond to?

A

endoturbinate I - goes into nasal cavity

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15
Q

What bone does the ventral nasal concha correspond to?

A

facial bone

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16
Q

The alar fold is the terminal part of what?

A

ventral conchae

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17
Q

What bone does the middle nasal concha correspond to?

A

endoturbinate II

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18
Q

Label 1-9

A
  1. dorsal concha
  2. middle concha
  3. ventral concha
  4. ventral nasal meatus
  5. middle nasal meatus
  6. dorsal nasal meatus
  7. ethmoid conchae
  8. alar fold
  9. choanae
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19
Q

Label 1-7

A
  1. nasal septum
  2. dorsal nasal meatus
  3. middle nasal meatus
  4. ventral nasal meatus
  5. vomeronasal (vomer in center)
  6. ventral nasal concha
  7. dorsal nasal concha

common nasal meatus on either side of septum

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20
Q

What muscle initiates the Flehmen response?

A

levator of upper lip muscle

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21
Q

The pharynx is divided into what 3 parts?

A

nasopharynx
laryngopharynx
oropharynx

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22
Q

What does the laryngopharynx lead to?

A

the esophagus

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23
Q

Which part of the pharynx is dorsal to the soft palate?

A

nasopharynx

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24
Q

Which part of the pharynx is ventral to the soft palate?

A

oropharynx

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25
Q

What is the cavity just before the larynx?

A

laryngopharynx

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26
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

A

rostral: choanae
caudal: palatopharynx arch

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27
Q

Which part of the pharynx has the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube in the lateral wall?

A

nasopharynx

28
Q

What happens in the equine when you have dilatation of the auditory tube?

A

connects the nasopharynx to middle ear

ventral caudal dilatation in horses

29
Q

What is this structure?

A

pharyngeal opening of auditory tube

30
Q

What is the auditory tube diverticulum?

A

“guttural pouch”; caudoventral dilatation of the auditory tube

formerly known as the sounding box in the whinny

31
Q

What is the function of the guttural pouch, or auditory tube diverticulum?

A

cooling the cerebral blood supply during strenuous exercise

32
Q

What artery is cooled via the guttural pouch?

A

internal carotid a.

33
Q

What is the dorsal boundary of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch)?

A

base of the skull

34
Q

What is the ventral boundary of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch)?

A

pharynx and esophagus

35
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch)?

A

stylohyoid bone

36
Q

What is the medial boundary of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch)?

A

contralateral guttural pouch

37
Q

What is this?

A

guttural pouch

38
Q

What are the parts of the guttural pouch?

A

medial
lateral

39
Q

What is the guttural pouch divided by?

A

stylohyoid bone

40
Q

The [medial/lateral] compartment of the guttural pouch has internal carotid a., CN X, CN XI, and CN IX, and the [medial/lateral] compartment of the guttural pouch has CN VII and external carotid a.

A

medial: CN X, internal carotid a. (getting cooled), CN IX, CN XI

lateral: CN VII, external carotid a.

41
Q

What cranial nerves are in the medial guttural pouch?

A

CNs 9-11

42
Q

What cranial nerves are in the lateral guttural pouch?

A

CN VII

43
Q

What is the larynx formed by?

A

cartilages
ligaments
muscles

surrounded by mucosa

44
Q

What is the larynx between?

A

nasopharynx and trachea

ventral to atlas and axis vertebrae

45
Q

What is funtion?

A

air pathway mainly, phonation and blockage of foreign bodies to the lower air pathways

46
Q

How is the larynx joined to the base of the skull?

A

via the hyoid apparatus

47
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?

A

arytenoid

48
Q

What are the “impair” cartilages of the larynx?

A

epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid

49
Q

The larynx is the insertion of the ________

A

tongue muscles

50
Q

Label 6-9

A
  1. epiglottis
  2. thyroid
  3. arytenoid
  4. cricoid
51
Q

What is the epiglottis? It has the ______

A

pointed apex
corniculate processes

52
Q

What is the arytenoid? It has the _____

A

has corniculate process (well-developed)
no cuneiform process

53
Q

What are the parts of the cricoid?

A

lamina (dorsal)
arch (ventral)

54
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. cricothyroid ligament
  2. cricotracheal ligament
55
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. vestibule
  2. vestibular fold
  3. vocal fold
  4. cricoid arch
  5. cricoid lamina
  6. medial surface of right arytenoid
56
Q

What is the entrance to the larynx?

A

additus

57
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. laryngopharynx
  2. corniculate process
  3. vocal fold
58
Q

What is the glottis?

A

phonatory apparatus

59
Q

What are the vocal folds and vocal processes part of?

A

arytenoid

60
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the laryngeal muscles?

A

dorsal cricoarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
thyroarytenoid
cricothyroid
transverse arytenoid

61
Q

What is the only muscle that abducts the vocal folds?

A

dorsal cricoarytenoid

62
Q

What are the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
hyoepiglottic
thyropharyngeal

63
Q

Label 1-7

A
  1. cricothyroid
  2. dorsal cricoarytenoid
  3. lateral cricoarytenoid
  4. & 5.: thyroarytenoid - m. vocals and ventricular
    6: transverse arytenoid
    7: laryngeal ventricle
64
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. corniculate processes
  2. ventricles of the larynx
65
Q

What nerve innervates the R. dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

R. recurrent laryngeal
Nader says caudal laryngeal n.

66
Q

A horse became winded during exercise. Has b or c collapsed? Is that left or right?

A

b

left side (the endoscopic picture is a mirror image so left appears right)

67
Q

What is the cervical trachea?

A

located caudal to cricoid cartilage
ventral to the esophagus, mid-cervical region esophagus to left lateral
formed by incomplete tracheal cartilages dorsally
annular ligaments join cartilages together
tracheal smooth muscle muscle completes the rings, inserted inside

Comparative (37 decks)

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