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Comparative > Equine & Bovine Thoracic & Abdominal Anatomy (12) > Flashcards

Equine & Bovine Thoracic & Abdominal Anatomy (12) Flashcards

Dr. Nader

1
Q

What is the cranial boundary of the equine thorax?

A

1st rib cartilage
manubrium
thoracic inlet

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2
Q

What is the caudal boundary of the equine thorax?

A

diaphragm

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3
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the equine thorax?

A

ribs/cartilage
intercostal muscles

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4
Q

What is the dorsal boundary of the equine thorax?

A

thoracic vertebrae
longus colli muscle

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5
Q

What is the ventral boundary of the equine thorax?

A

sternum
costal cartilage
transversus thoracis m.

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6
Q

What are the 3 openings into the thorax?

A

aortic hiatus
esophageal hiatus
caval foramen

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7
Q

What are the attachments and action of the longus colli m.?

A

attachments: atlas —> T6 vertebrae

flexor of thoracic vertebrae

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the diaphragm?

A

costal part
sternal part
lumbar part

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9
Q

Define the parts of the diaphragm attachments

A

costal: attached to rib cartilages

sternal: attaches to dorsal surface of xiphoid cartilage

lumbar: right & left crura, lumbar vertebrae

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10
Q

What is the main action of the diaphragm?

A

main muscle of inspiration

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11
Q

The _____ is between the 2 crura of the diaphragm

A

aortic hiatus

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12
Q

What travels in the esophageal hiatus with the esophagus?

A

dorsal vagal trunk

ventral vagal trunk

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13
Q

Where does the esophageal hiatus perforate?

A

perforates the right crus near its junction with the central tendon

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14
Q

How does the caval foramen course?

A

courses through the central tendon on the right side

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15
Q

Where does the boundaries of the diaphragm extend for equines? Is it similar or different in bovine?

A

extends to 6th intercostal space or 6th rib

equine and bovine are similar

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16
Q

The olecranon for equine is often found where?

A

the 5th intercostal space

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17
Q

What is the difference between the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity?

A

pleura: “potential space”, lines the wall of thoracic cavity and covers viscera

thoracic cavity: everything inside boundaries

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18
Q

What are the main parts of the parietal pleura?

A

mediastinal pleura
diaphragmatic pleura
costal pleura

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19
Q

What are the 2 pleural cavities separated by?

A

a mediastinum

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20
Q

What are the specific parts/location of the mediastinal pleura?

A

cranial
middle/pericardic
caudal

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21
Q

What is not complete in a horse?

A

the mediastinum

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22
Q

What is contained in the mediastinum?

A

sympathetic trunk
esophagus
trachea
L. recurrent laryngeal
thoracic duct
cranial mediastinal lymph node
thymus
left phrenic
vagus nerve

23
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. L. recurrent laryngeal nerve (more likely to be damaged because it goes more caudally)
  2. aortic arch
  3. R. recurrent laryngeal nerve
  4. R. subclavian artery
24
Q

What is this structure?

A

tracheobronchial lymph node

25
Q

Where is the tracheobronchial lymph node located?

A

juncture between the trachea and bronchi

26
Q

This space would be the location of the _______

A

caudal mediastinal lymph node

27
Q

What lymph node is this (#12) in the bovine?

A

tracheobronchial lymph node

28
Q

What lymph node is this (#21) in the bovine?

A

caudal mediastinal lymph node

29
Q

What is this image representing?

A

bovine caudal mediastinal lymphocenter

30
Q

What is the significance of the thymus in bovines?

A

it regresses as the animal ages

has 3 lobes: cervical, intermediate, thoracic

31
Q

The pleural cavities of the equine contain a [large/scant] amount of serous fluid

A

scant = “potential space”

32
Q

T/F: The mediastinum in horses are fenestrated, meaning one side of the lung affects the other

A

TRUE!

33
Q

What is the orange structure?

A

visceral pulmonary pleura

34
Q

What is the pleural cupula? It originates/extends _________ and has a larger space on the [right/left] side

A

cranial extent of pleural cavity

cranial to the first rib

right

35
Q

Which soft tissues have been damaged?

A

biceps brachii
pectoralis

36
Q

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess located?

A

caudal to edge of the lungs

37
Q

The costomediastinal recess is _____ to the lungs

A

ventral

38
Q

What is the line of pleural reflection?

A

diaphragmatic pleura reflects on itself to become the costal pleura that lines the ribs

this line of pleural reflection follows the attachment of the diaphragm

39
Q

In the equine, the line of reflection extends from the ___ rib to the ____ rib. In the cow, it is the ____ and ____ ribs

A

equine: 8th & 18th

bovine: 8th & 13th

40
Q

What is the cranial boundary of the equine abdomen?

A

diaphragm

41
Q

What is the caudal boundary of the equine abdomen?

A

pelvic inlet

42
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the equine abdomen?

A

abdominal wall muscles
diaphragm

43
Q

What is the dorsal boundary of the equine abdomen?

A

lumbar vertebrae
diaphragm
sublumbar muscles

44
Q

What is the ventral boundary of the equine abdomen?

A

abdominal wall muscles
linea alba
prepubic tendon

45
Q

What are the iliopsoas mm.?

A

iliacus + psoas major mm.

46
Q

What are the sublumbar muscles in the equine?

A
47
Q

What organs are in the retroperitoneal location?

A

kidneys
adrenal glands
ureters (cranial aspects of majority of organ length)

48
Q

What vessels are in the retroperitoneal location?

A

aorta
caudal vena cava

49
Q

The equine greater omentum connects _______

A

the greater curvature of the stomach and initial part of the duodenum

with

the terminal part of the large colon and the initial part of the small colon (which connects to the dorsal body wall)

50
Q

The equine lesser omentum connects _______

A

the lesser curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum

with

the liver

51
Q

What are the ligaments with the lesser omentum?

A

hepatogastic ligament

hepatoduodenal ligament

52
Q

The bovine greater omentum connects _______

A

the greater curvature of the stomach and drapes over the intestines

connects to transverse colon

53
Q

The bovine lesser omentum connects _______

A

stomach to liver

Comparative (37 decks)

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