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Comparative > Equine Myology: Pelvic Limb (4) > Flashcards

Equine Myology: Pelvic Limb (4) Flashcards

1
Q

The hamstrings are also called the ______

A

ischiotibialis mm.

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2
Q

What are the gluteal muscles?

A

tensor fascia latae m.
superficial gluteal m.
middle gluteal m.
deep gluteal m.

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3
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the gluteal muscles?

A

origin: gluteal fascia, sacrum, ilium, other muscles
insertion: greater trochanter

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4
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the gluteal muscles?

A

cranial luteal (caudal) - that’s what the slide says

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5
Q

What is the action for the gluteal muscles?

A

hip extensor
hip abductor

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6
Q

What are the hip rotators (stabilizers)?

A

internal obturator
external obturator
gemelli (cranial & caudal)
quadratus femoris

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7
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. tensor fascia latae
  2. superficial gluteal
  3. deep gluteal
  4. superficial gluteal (reflected)
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8
Q

What are the general actions for the hamstring muscles?

A

extend coxal joint
flex stifle joint
extend tarsocrural joint (semitendinosus & biceps femoris)

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9
Q

What is the origin for the hamstrings - biceps femoris m., semitendinosus m., semimembranosus m.?

A

sacrum, sacrosciatic lig., ischial tuber

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10
Q

What is insertion for the biceps femoris m.?

A

fascia, patella, lateral patellar lig, common calcanean tendon

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11
Q

What is the insertion for semitendinosus m.?

A

medial aspect of tibia
common calcanean tendon

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12
Q

What is the insertion for the semimembranosus m.?

A

medial collateral lig.
medial epicondyle
medial tibial condyle

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the hamstring muscles?

A

sciatic n.

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14
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. biceps femoris m.
  2. semimembranosus m.
  3. semitendinosus m.
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15
Q

What are the adductors of the pelvic limb?

A

adductor
pectineus
gracilis
sartorius

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the adductor muscles? What is their common action?

A

adduct the thigh
flex the hip

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17
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the sartorius m.?

A

origin: psoas fascia and tendon
insertion: medial structures of stifle

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the gracilis m.?

A

origin: pecten pubis, ischial arch
insertion: cranial border of the tibia

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the adductor m.?

A

origin: symphyseal tendon (floor of pelvis)
insertion: caudal aspect of femur and medial epicondyle

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20
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the pectineus m.?

A

origin: margin of pubic (pecten)
insertion: medial surface of femur

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21
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. sartorius m.
  2. pectineus m.
  3. adductor m.
  4. gracilis m.
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22
Q

What are the quadriceps femoris mm.?

A

vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
rectus femoris

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23
Q

What is the origin of the vastus intermedius m.?

A

craniolateral and craniomedial femoral aspect

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rectus femoris m.?

A

origin: rectus femoris area (ilion)
insertion: patella

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25
Q

Which nerve innervates the quads muscle group?

A

femoral n.

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26
Q

What is the general action for the quadriceps group?

A

stifle extension (hip flexion)

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27
Q

What are the craniolateral muscles of the crus?

A

cranial tibial .
long digital extensor m.
lateral digital extensor m.
fibularis tertius m.

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28
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. vastus medialis m.
  2. rectus femoris m.
  3. vastus lateralis m.
29
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the cranial tibial m.?

A

original: lateral condyle of tibia
insertion (2):
1 —> metatarsal tuberosity (dorsal branch)
2 —> tarsus I & II (medial branch or “cunean tendon”)

30
Q

Which nerve innervates the cranial tibial m.?

A

fibular n.

31
Q

What is the action of the cranial tibial m.?

A

flexion of the hock (tarsus)

32
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. metatarsal tuberosity
  2. cunean tendon
    insertions of the cranial tibial muscle
33
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

cranial tibial m.

34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the long digital extensor m.?

A

origin: distolateral aspect of the femur
insertion: extensor process of distal phalanx

35
Q

What is the action of the long digital extensor m.?

A

extensor of the digit
flexion of the hock (tarsus)

36
Q

Which nerve innervates the long digital extensor m.?

A

fibularis n.

37
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

long digital extensor m.

38
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral digital extensor m. (pelvic)?

A

origin: lateral collateral ligament of stifle
insertion: joins the long digital extensor tendon

39
Q

What is the action of the lateral digital extensor m. (pelvic)?

A

extensor of digit
flexion of hock (tarsus)

40
Q

Which nerve innervates the lateral digital extensor m. (pelvic)?

A

fibularis n.

41
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. lateral digital extensor m. (pelvic)
  2. long digital extensor m.
  3. lateral digital extensor m.
  4. lateral digital flexor m.
42
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the fibularis tertius m.?

A

origin: distolateral aspect of femur
insertion: dorsal surface of tarsal III and metatarsal III (dorsal branch), calcaneus, and tarsal IV (lateral branch)

43
Q

What is the action of the fibularis tertius m.?

A

flexion of the hock (tarsus)
reciprocal mechanism

44
Q

What are the caudal muscles of the crus?

A

popliteus
gastrocnemius
superficial digital flexor
soleus
deep digital flexor

45
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the popliteus, gastrocnemius, and soleus mm.?

A

origin: supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
insertion: calcanean tendon on calcanean tuberosity

46
Q

Which nerve innervates the popliteus, gastrocnemius, and soleus mm.?

A

tibial n.

47
Q

What is the action for the popliteus, gastrocnemius, and soleus mm.?

A

extension of the hock (tarsus)
bear weight of tibia

48
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. soleus m.
  2. gastrocnemius m.
  3. popliteus m.
49
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the superficial digital flexor m. (pelvic)?

A

origin: supracondylar fossa of femur
insertion: plantar proximal and middle phalanxes

50
Q

What is the action for the superficial digital flexor m. (pelvic)?

A

flexion of digits except distal interphalangeal joint
extension of the hock (tarsus)

51
Q

Which nerve innervates the superficial digital flexor m. (pelvic)?

A

tibial n.

52
Q

What is this muscle?

A

superficial digital flexor m. (pelvic)

53
Q

T/F: In the reciprocal apparatus, it is normal to be able to extend the hock (tarsus) and flex the stifle

A

FALSE - joints should move in unison

54
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. fibularis tertius m.
  2. superficial digital flexor m.
55
Q

Is there a proximal check ligament in the pelvic limb?

A

No

56
Q

Which muscle has these insertions?

A

superficial digital flexor m. (pelvic)

57
Q

What inserts on the common calcanean tendon?

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
superficial digital flexor
biceps femoris
semitendinosus

58
Q

What is the reduced distal check ligament? (pelvic)

A

deep digital flexor m.

59
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the deep digital flexor m. (pelvic)?

A

origin: lateral condyle of tibia and caudal proximal surface of tibia
insertion: flexor surface of distal phalanx

60
Q

Which nerve innervates the deep digital flexor m. (pelvic)?

A

tibialis n.

61
Q

What is the action of the deep digital flexor m. (pelvic)?

A

flexion of the digit

62
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. superficial digital flexor tendon
  2. calcanean bursa
  3. tarsal sheath
  4. deep digital flexor tendon
  5. “cunean ligament” and bursa
63
Q

What portions comprise the extensor retinacula?

A

proximal (crural) extensor retinaculum
middle extensor retinaculum
distal (metatarsal) extensor retinaculum

64
Q

Which muscles are within the proximal (crural) extensor retinaculum?

A

long digital extensor
fibularis tertius
cranial tibial muscle tendons

65
Q

What is within the middle retinaculum?

A

long digital extensor tendon

66
Q

What is within the distal (metatarsal) extensor retinaculum?

A

long digital extensor
lateral digital extensor tendons

67
Q

List 1-7

A
  1. cunean tendon
  2. dorsal tendon of peroneus tertius
  3. dorsal tendon of cranial tibial m.
  4. proximal extensor retinaculum
  5. long digital extensor
  6. middle extensor retinaculum
  7. distal extensor retinaculum
68
Q

What is the stay apparatus?

A

the patella is brought proximally over the medial trochlear ridge of the femur and “locks” into place
distal limb soft tissue structures (same as in thoracic limb) prevent hyperextension and collapse of MCP, PIP, and DIP joints

69
Q

What is this an example of?

A

stay apparatus

Comparative (37 decks)

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