RS. Respiration Mechanics

Question 1

what is respiration in terms of breathing and tissue respiration?

Answer 1

breathing - gas exchange and the associated processes

tissue respiration - the aerobic metabolism in cells

Question 2

what is ‘respiratory mechanics’?

Answer 2

• study of mechanical properties of the lung and chest well
• process by which air enters and leaves the lungs

Question 3

what do the lungs do?

Answer 3

• bring air with oxygen into body
• expel waste gas produced from cells in the body

Question 4

what causes death by lung disease?

Answer 4

inability to overcome changes in lung or chest mechanics

Question 5

why do we breathe?

Answer 5

to maintain blood gas homeostasis

Question 6

at what point do you become aware of your breathing?

Answer 6

severe exercise

Question 7

at what point do you expel more co2 than intake of o2?

Answer 7

severe exercise

Question 8

what is the function of the upper airway?

Answer 8

conduct air to lung:
humidify air - saturate with water
warm air - to body temp
filter air - clean up debris

Question 9

what happens to inhaled particles?

Answer 9

stick to mucous that is moved towards the mouth by cilia

Question 10

what type of epithelium lines upper airways to bronchioles?

Answer 10

pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 11

what do goblet cells do?

Answer 11

produce mucous that catches debris and helps to clean airway

Question 12

what happen in quiet breathing when inspiration is active?

Answer 12

• diaphragm contracts downwards pushing abdominal contents outwards
• external intercostals pull ribs outwards and upwards

Question 13

what happens in quiet breathing when expiration is passive?

Answer 13

elastic recoil

Question 14

what happens during strenuous breathing when inspiration is active?

Answer 14

greater contraction of the diaphragm and intercostals (10cm)

Question 15

what happens in strenuous breathing when expiration is active?

Answer 15

internal intercostal muscles oppose external intercostals by pushing ribs down and inwards.

Question 16

what happens to muscles during expiration in quiet breathing?

Answer 16

muscles are relaxed
elastic recoil

Question 17

what type of diffusion takes place in inspiration and expiration in quiet breathing?

Answer 17

active
passive

Question 18

what type of diffusion takes place in inspiration and expiration in strenuous breathing?

Answer 18

both active

Question 19

how much does the diaphragm contract in quiet and strenuous breathing?

Answer 19

quiet = 1cm
strenuous = 10cm

Question 20

what is intraplural pressure?

Answer 20

space between lung and chest wall

Question 21

what is intrapulmonary pressure?

Answer 21

pressure within the lung

Question 22

what is tidal pressure?

Answer 22

the amount of air taken in after every breath
- usually 500ml

Question 23

what is the transpulmonary pressure ?

Answer 23

difference in pressure between the lung and pulmonary space

Question 24

what is alveolar pressure?

Answer 24

pressure in lung alveoli

Question 25

is the trans pulmonary pressure always positive or negative?

Answer 25

always negative

Question 26

what triggers expiration?

Answer 26

?

Question 27

describe the airflow at the beginning of inspiration?

Answer 27

no flow
- alveolar and barometric pressure = 0

Question 28

what happens to the thoracic volume when the inspiratory muscles contract?

Answer 28

increases thoracic volume

Question 29

what happens at the end of inspiration?

Answer 29

muscles stop contracting
thorax and alveoli stop expanding
no flow as alveolar/barometric pressures are equal

Question 30

what happens to barometric and alveolar pressure during expiration?

Answer 30

alveolar pressure becomes more than barometric pressure

Question 31

in healthy lungs, what intensity of breathing is most efficient?

Answer 31

low level of breathing

Question 32

what is gas flow turbulent in high intensity breathing?

Answer 32

uses more muscles

Question 33

what is functional residual capacity?

Answer 33

volume of air in lung at end of expiration during quiet breathing

Question 34

why does the lung never collapse on itself?

Answer 34

1. elastic recoil forces of lung, act to decrease lung volume
2. outward recoil of chest wall acts to increase lung volume

Question 35

what is the functional residual capacity at rest used for?

Answer 35

tell overall health of lungs

Question 36

what is total lung capacity?

Answer 36

total volume the lungs can hold

Question 37

what is reparatory mechanics?

Answer 37

study of mechanical properties if lung and chest wall