NS. autonomic nervous system Flashcards
what does the autonomic nervous system control?
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
various glands
what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
what type of autonomic nervous system is the adrenal medulla part of?
sympathetic
function of the adrenal medulla?
releases adrenaline
- endocrine
describe the ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system.
describe the position of the ganglion.
long pre-ganglionic
short post-ganglionic
ganglion near effector organ
describe the ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.
pre-gang and post-gang are similar in length
where is the synapse in the sympathetic nervous system?
in the chain
in the collateral ganglia
in adrenal medulla
describe the discrete action of the parasympathetic nervous system.
- on single organs in the body
eg. salivary gland
heart
what are the conservative anabolic effects of the parasympathetic nervous system? (function)
store energy (digestion etc)
slowing heart
describe the widespread actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.
- often affect whole body
distribution of sympathetic nerves
circulation g adrenaline
describe homeostasis is the sympathetic nervous system.
blood pressure and thermoregulation
what is the fight, flight or fright mechanism in the sympathetic nervous system?
meet the demands of active muscle
- ANXIETY FOR DENTAL TREATMENT
what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the smooth muscle?
blood vessels in various parts of the body
eg. bronchi
bronchioles
what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the heart?
GIT
rate and force of contractions
what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the glands?
salivary glands
gastro-intestinal glands
sweat glands
name 4 things the ANS effects.
smooth muscle
heart
glands
metabolism
what is one thing the ANS DOES NOT control?
breathing
what is breathing controlled by?
skeletal muscles controlled by somatic nerves
what is the American name for adrenaline and noradrenaline?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what does noradrenaline cause?
alpha - contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels.
beta - relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation)
what does (adrenergic) alpha cause in ANS receptors?
contraction of smooth muscle
what does (adrenergic) beta cause in ANS receptors?
relaxation of smooth muscle
what does (adrenergic) beta-1 cause in ANS receptors?
increase heart rate and force heart contractiom
what blocks the beta-1 response in ANS receptors?
beta blockers
block receptors so effects are restricted to the heart
what is the dental significance of adrenergic in ANS receptors?
who may this cause problems for?
many local anaesthetic preparations contain adrenaline which is used as a vasoconstrictor
must give dose within recommended limits
problems for patients with heart conditions
what can cholinergic receptors do?
mimic drugs
describe the cholinergic muscarinic receptor?
post-ganglionic
neuro-effector junctions
blocked by atropine
describe cholinergic nicotinic receptors?
pre-ganglionic
post- gang neurons synapse
neuromuscular junctions
where in the body do parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves not have opposing effects?
genitalia
what nerve supply does blood vessels and glands in the periphery receive?
sympathetic
in which parts of the body does dual control of autonomic nerves?
heart
glands
smooth muscles
which part of the body has single control os sympathetic nerves only?
blood vessels
- controls vessel diameter
eg vasoconstriction and vasodilation
