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BAMS Human Systems > NS. autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

NS. autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
various glands

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2
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic

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3
Q

what type of autonomic nervous system is the adrenal medulla part of?

A

sympathetic

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4
Q

function of the adrenal medulla?

A

releases adrenaline
- endocrine

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5
Q

describe the ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system.
describe the position of the ganglion.

A

long pre-ganglionic
short post-ganglionic

ganglion near effector organ

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6
Q

describe the ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.

A

pre-gang and post-gang are similar in length

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7
Q

where is the synapse in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

in the chain
in the collateral ganglia
in adrenal medulla

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8
Q

describe the discrete action of the parasympathetic nervous system.

A
  • on single organs in the body

eg. salivary gland
heart

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9
Q

what are the conservative anabolic effects of the parasympathetic nervous system? (function)

A

store energy (digestion etc)
slowing heart

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10
Q

describe the widespread actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

A
  • often affect whole body
    distribution of sympathetic nerves
    circulation g adrenaline
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11
Q

describe homeostasis is the sympathetic nervous system.

A

blood pressure and thermoregulation

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12
Q

what is the fight, flight or fright mechanism in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

meet the demands of active muscle
- ANXIETY FOR DENTAL TREATMENT

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13
Q

what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the smooth muscle?

A

blood vessels in various parts of the body
eg. bronchi
bronchioles

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14
Q

what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the heart?

A

GIT
rate and force of contractions

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15
Q

what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the glands?

A

salivary glands
gastro-intestinal glands
sweat glands

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16
Q

name 4 things the ANS effects.

A

smooth muscle
heart
glands
metabolism

17
Q

what is one thing the ANS DOES NOT control?

A

breathing

18
Q

what is breathing controlled by?

A

skeletal muscles controlled by somatic nerves

19
Q

what is the American name for adrenaline and noradrenaline?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

20
Q

what does noradrenaline cause?

A

alpha - contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels.

beta - relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation)

21
Q

what does (adrenergic) alpha cause in ANS receptors?

A

contraction of smooth muscle

22
Q

what does (adrenergic) beta cause in ANS receptors?

A

relaxation of smooth muscle

23
Q

what does (adrenergic) beta-1 cause in ANS receptors?

A

increase heart rate and force heart contractiom

24
Q

what blocks the beta-1 response in ANS receptors?

A

beta blockers
block receptors so effects are restricted to the heart

25
Q

what is the dental significance of adrenergic in ANS receptors?
who may this cause problems for?

A

many local anaesthetic preparations contain adrenaline which is used as a vasoconstrictor

must give dose within recommended limits

problems for patients with heart conditions

26
Q

what can cholinergic receptors do?

A

mimic drugs

27
Q

describe the cholinergic muscarinic receptor?

A

post-ganglionic
neuro-effector junctions
blocked by atropine

28
Q

describe cholinergic nicotinic receptors?

A

pre-ganglionic
post- gang neurons synapse
neuromuscular junctions

29
Q

where in the body do parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves not have opposing effects?

A

genitalia

30
Q

what nerve supply does blood vessels and glands in the periphery receive?

A

sympathetic

31
Q

in which parts of the body does dual control of autonomic nerves?

A

heart
glands
smooth muscles

32
Q

which part of the body has single control os sympathetic nerves only?

A

blood vessels
- controls vessel diameter
eg vasoconstriction and vasodilation

BAMS Human Systems (33 decks)

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