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BAMS Human Systems > RS. Gas Transport > Flashcards

RS. Gas Transport Flashcards

1
Q

what does blood do in the pulmonary circuit?

A

o2 enters blood
co2 leaves

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2
Q

what does blood do in the systemic circuit?

A

o2 leaves blood
co2 enters

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3
Q

how does gas move throughout the respiratory system?

A

diffusion

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4
Q

what features of respiratory and circulatory systems facilitates gas diffusion?

A
  1. large surface area for gas exchange
  2. large partial pressure gradients
  3. gases with advantageous diffusion properties
  4. specialised mechanisms for transporting o2 and co2 between lungs and tissues
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5
Q

what is partial pressure?

A

= fraction of gas in the mixture X barometric pressure

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6
Q

what 2 forms can oxygen be transported around the body?

A
  1. dissolved in the blood
  2. bound to haemoglobin
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7
Q

what is the amount of o2 dissolved in the blood proportional to?

A

its partial pressure

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8
Q

what is the typical partial pressure of o2 in arterial blood in a healthy individual?

A

100mm Hg

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9
Q

what is the cardiac output at rest (dissolved O2 transport)?

A

5 litres per minute

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10
Q

what is the basic tissue oxygen requirement at rest (dissolved o2 transport)?

A

250ml per minute

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11
Q

what is the major transport molecule for o2 found in red blood cells?

A

haemoglobin

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12
Q

what makes a global protein?

A

4 heme groups

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13
Q

how many haemoglobin molecules in a red blood cell?

A

280 million

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14
Q

how quickly does the binding and dissociation of o2 with Hb?

A

milliseconds

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15
Q

why does the binding and dissociation of o2 with Hb have to be very quick?

A

as red blood cells are in capillaries for only 1 second

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16
Q

what does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve illustrate?

A

relationship between PO2 in blood and number of O2 molecules bound to Hb

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17
Q

what factors effect the percent haemoglobin saturation by oxygen?

A

pH
temperature

18
Q

what does a flat portion on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve suggest?

A

drop in PO2 from 100 to 60 mmHg has minimal effect on Hb saturation

19
Q

what does a steep portion on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve suggest?

A

large amount of O2 is released from Hb with only a small change in PO2 facilitating into these tissues

20
Q

is O2 binding to haemoglobin reversible or irreversible?

A

reversible

21
Q

how many O2 atoms can bind to a single Hb molecule?

A

4

22
Q

what does O2 saturation (SaO2) refer to?

A

amount of O2 bound to Hb relative to maximal amount that can bind

23
Q

when is oxygen saturation at 100%?

A

all heme groups of Hb molecule are fully saturated with O2

24
Q

how many ml of O2 combine with 1g of Hb?

A

1.39ml

25
Q

what are pulse oximeters used for?

A

to measure O2 saturation

26
Q

how do pulse oximeters work?

A

measures ratio of absorption of red and infrared light by oxyHb and deoxyHb

27
Q

what is the expiratory exchange ratio?

A

ratio of expired CO2 to O2 uptake

28
Q

in normal conditions, what is the respiratory exchange ratio?

A

0.8
(80 CO2 to 100 O2)

29
Q

in what 3 ways is CO2 transported?

A
  1. 7% dissolved
  2. 23% bound to haemoglobin
  3. 70% converted to bicarbonate
30
Q

what is the waste product of cells and tissues?

A

CO2

31
Q

when CO2 binds to HB what does it form?

A

carbaminohaemoglobin

31
Q

when CO2 binds to HB what does it form?

A

carbaminohaemoglobin

32
Q

what can the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate affect?

A

the pH of blood

33
Q

what is the buffer base bicarbonate equation to maintain balance in the blood?

A

systemic capillaries >
H2O+CO2 <> HCO3 <> H + HCO3

34
Q

what is CO2 carried around the body as?

A

bicarbonate

35
Q

the stronger bicarbonate concentration in the blood the buffering reaction is…

A

stronger

36
Q

what are the major transport systems of O2 and CO2?

A

O2 = red blood cells bound to Hb
CO2 = red blood cells in the form of HCO3

37
Q

what shape is the O2 dissociation curve?

A

s shaped

38
Q

what does the CO2 to HCO3 pathway do in the body?

A

regulates H+ ions
maintain acid base balance

39
Q

how do you measure lung volumes clinically?

A

take big inspiration then exhale as fast as possible

BAMS Human Systems (33 decks)

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