Nutrition for dentists

Question 1

what is nutrition important to dentists?

Answer 1

PUBLIC - improved education on healthy eating with clear message
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS - present greater consistency of message and joined up approach

Question 2

what are the intermediate causes of major dental diseases (caries and periodontal disease)?

Answer 2

diet
plaque
smoking

Question 3

what are oral mucosal lesions, oral cancer, TMJ dysfunction and pain related to ?

Answer 3

tobacco
alcohol
stress
tooth trauma
injuries

Question 4

what 6 organs does oral inflammation have an impact on?

Answer 4

brain
heart
kidneys
mouth
lungs
pancreas

Question 5

where would you find abnormal appearance or function of oral structures? (to do with vitamin deficiencies)

Answer 5

• corners of mouth
• tongue
• palate
• teeth

Question 6

why do we see oral changes first in body diseases?

Answer 6

oral epithelia grow and are replaced rapidly

Question 7

what does healthy epithelium do?

Answer 7

acts as a barrier to toxins

Question 8

what is primary nutritional deficiency?

Answer 8

choosing the wrong food

Question 9

what would cause a primary nutritional deficiency?

Answer 9

age
income
education

Question 10

what is a secondary nutritional deficiency?

Question 11

what nutrients are required in oral environment?

Answer 11

calcium
phosphorus
vitamins A, C and D
fluoride
protein

Question 12

what nutrients are bad for the oral environment?

Answer 12

CHO
sweet and sticky food
sugar
carbonated drinks
fruit juices

Question 13

what does “nutrition” mean?

Answer 13

cellular organelles, cells, tissues, organs and the whole body obtain and use necessary substances obtained from foods (nutrients) to maintain structural and functional integrity

Question 14

what are dietary allowances?

Answer 14

quantitative amounts for population subgroups for essential micronutrients, energy and protein primarily to prevent deficiencies.

Question 15

what are dietary allowances bases on?

Answer 15

based on requirements

Question 16

what are dietary goals?

Answer 16

national targets for macronutrients and micronutrients aimed to prevent long term disease

Question 17

what are dietary guidelines?

Answer 17

targeted at individuals
advisory statements for whole population….

Question 18

how many calories on average should a man and women eat per day?

Answer 18

2000 woman
2500 man

Question 19

who should adapt the eat well guide?

Answer 19

people with special dietary requirement and medical requirements

Question 20

what is the SACN?

Answer 20

advisory committee of independent experts hat provide advice to government agencies and departments and public health

Question 21

how much water should you drink a day?

Answer 21

6 to 8 cups

Question 22

how are dietary reference values derived?

Answer 22

1. committee of experts establishes
2. review scientific evidence
3. use their judgement

Question 23

what do experts decide on for dietary reference values?

Answer 23

• estimate average amount required to meet criterion
• estimate variation in requirements between individuals

Question 24

what is optimal nutrition?

Answer 24

• prevents deficiency symptoms
• optimises stores in body
• optimises biochemical or physiological function
• optimises risk factor for disease
• minimises incidence of disease

Question 25

what is the definition of requirement by panel?

Answer 25

individual uses and loses amount of nutrients each day
must come from diet or stores
= physiological requirements

Question 26

what does the requirement by panel vary on?

Answer 26

age
gender
physiological status
diet

Question 27

why should you not base requirement on deficiency?

Answer 27

leaves no margin of safety

Question 28

what is the criteria or adequacy?

Answer 28

panel acknowledge none of the criteria chosen was perfect and they did not use one single criterion to define requirements for all nutrients.

Question 29

what is criteria of adequacy needed for?

Answer 29

• maintain given circulating level
• maintain balance
• cure a clinical deficiency

Question 30

what is the DRV for anyone nutrient presupposes?

Answer 30

• requirement of energy and the rnutrients…….

Question 31

how much is the LRNI (low) and the RNI(high) compared to the EAR (average requirement)?

Answer 31

2 standard deviations above or below the EAR

Question 32

what is safe intake (dietary requirements)?

Answer 32

a level of nutrient at which there is no risk of deficiency but below a level where there is a risk of undesirable effects

Question 33

what is the EAR in terms of nutrients?

Answer 33

mean or average requirement for a nutrient which will meet the needs of about half of a population

Question 34

what is the RNI in terms of nutrients?

Answer 34

intake of nutrient calculated as 2 standard deviations above EAR which meets the needs of most people 97.5%

Question 35

what is the LRNI in terms of nutrients?

Answer 35

intake of nutrient calculated as 2 standard deviations below the EAR which meets the needs of few people 2.5%

Question 36

name categories that the DRV categories would be adjusted for?

Answer 36

age
gender
breast/ formula fed infants
body weight
physical activity level
pregnancy
elderly

Question 37

what are some uses of dietary requirements?

Answer 37

governments = food supplements/ rationing
food industry = marketing
caterers = devising nutritionally adequate menus
….

Question 38

limitations in DRVs?

Answer 38

• only for healthy people
• may not apply if other deficiencies exist
• based on imperfect data
• do not attempt to define an optimal amount for health
• lack consistency in recommendations between countries