Nutrition for dentists Flashcards
what is nutrition important to dentists?
PUBLIC - improved education on healthy eating with clear message
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS - present greater consistency of message and joined up approach
what are the intermediate causes of major dental diseases (caries and periodontal disease)?
diet
plaque
smoking
what are oral mucosal lesions, oral cancer, TMJ dysfunction and pain related to ?
tobacco
alcohol
stress
tooth trauma
injuries
what 6 organs does oral inflammation have an impact on?
brain
heart
kidneys
mouth
lungs
pancreas
where would you find abnormal appearance or function of oral structures? (to do with vitamin deficiencies)
- corners of mouth
- tongue
- palate
- teeth
why do we see oral changes first in body diseases?
oral epithelia grow and are replaced rapidly
what does healthy epithelium do?
acts as a barrier to toxins
what is primary nutritional deficiency?
choosing the wrong food
what would cause a primary nutritional deficiency?
age
income
education
what is a secondary nutritional deficiency?
what nutrients are required in oral environment?
calcium
phosphorus
vitamins A, C and D
fluoride
protein
what nutrients are bad for the oral environment?
CHO
sweet and sticky food
sugar
carbonated drinks
fruit juices
what does “nutrition” mean?
cellular organelles, cells, tissues, organs and the whole body obtain and use necessary substances obtained from foods (nutrients) to maintain structural and functional integrity
what are dietary allowances?
quantitative amounts for population subgroups for essential micronutrients, energy and protein primarily to prevent deficiencies.
what are dietary allowances bases on?
based on requirements
what are dietary goals?
national targets for macronutrients and micronutrients aimed to prevent long term disease
what are dietary guidelines?
targeted at individuals
advisory statements for whole population….
how many calories on average should a man and women eat per day?
2000 woman
2500 man
who should adapt the eat well guide?
people with special dietary requirement and medical requirements
what is the SACN?
advisory committee of independent experts hat provide advice to government agencies and departments and public health
how much water should you drink a day?
6 to 8 cups
how are dietary reference values derived?
- committee of experts establishes
- review scientific evidence
- use their judgement
what do experts decide on for dietary reference values?
- estimate average amount required to meet criterion
- estimate variation in requirements between individuals
what is optimal nutrition?
- prevents deficiency symptoms
- optimises stores in body
- optimises biochemical or physiological function
- optimises risk factor for disease
- minimises incidence of disease
what is the definition of requirement by panel?
individual uses and loses amount of nutrients each day
must come from diet or stores
= physiological requirements
what does the requirement by panel vary on?
age
gender
physiological status
diet
why should you not base requirement on deficiency?
leaves no margin of safety
what is the criteria or adequacy?
panel acknowledge none of the criteria chosen was perfect and they did not use one single criterion to define requirements for all nutrients.
what is criteria of adequacy needed for?
- maintain given circulating level
- maintain balance
- cure a clinical deficiency
what is the DRV for anyone nutrient presupposes?
- requirement of energy and the rnutrients…….
how much is the LRNI (low) and the RNI(high) compared to the EAR (average requirement)?
2 standard deviations above or below the EAR
what is safe intake (dietary requirements)?
a level of nutrient at which there is no risk of deficiency but below a level where there is a risk of undesirable effects
what is the EAR in terms of nutrients?
mean or average requirement for a nutrient which will meet the needs of about half of a population
what is the RNI in terms of nutrients?
intake of nutrient calculated as 2 standard deviations above EAR which meets the needs of most people 97.5%
what is the LRNI in terms of nutrients?
intake of nutrient calculated as 2 standard deviations below the EAR which meets the needs of few people 2.5%
name categories that the DRV categories would be adjusted for?
age
gender
breast/ formula fed infants
body weight
physical activity level
pregnancy
elderly
what are some uses of dietary requirements?
governments = food supplements/ rationing
food industry = marketing
caterers = devising nutritionally adequate menus
….
limitations in DRVs?
- only for healthy people
- may not apply if other deficiencies exist
- based on imperfect data
- do not attempt to define an optimal amount for health
- lack consistency in recommendations between countries
