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BAMS Human Systems > ES. Stress > Flashcards

ES. Stress Flashcards

1
Q

what does the force of stress do to the body?

A

causes deformation or strain

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2
Q

what are physical stressors?

A

injury, surgery, infection, shock, pain, cold, excercise

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3
Q

what are ‘stressors’ that are threats?

A

imprisonment
torture
exams

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4
Q

what body systems are involved in the complex interactions during stress?

A

nervous
endocrine
immune

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5
Q

what does the effect of stress depend on?

A
  • duration and severity or stressor
  • effectiveness of any responses
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6
Q

what is the first stage of stress?

A

alarm reaction

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7
Q

describe alarm reaction as the first stage of stress?

A

flight fight fright response

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8
Q

what is the second stage of stress?

A

resistance phase

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9
Q

describe the resistance phase as the second stage of stress?

A

adapting to stressor

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10
Q

what is the final stage of stress?

A

exhaustion phase

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11
Q

describe the exhaustion phase as the final stage of stress?

A

servere, persistant stress
responses futile, systems fail
pathological effects

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12
Q

what is the alarm reaction?

A

physiological response to a physical threat

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13
Q

what are the components of an alarm reaction in stress?

A

neural - sympathetic NS
hormonal - adrenal glands = adrenaline (adrenal medulla), corticosteroids (adrenal cortex)

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14
Q

in an alarm reaction what happens to heart rate and ventricular contractility?

A

increase

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15
Q

how does cardiac output redistribute in alarm reaction to stress?

A

increased flow to muscle
decreased flow to gut and kidney

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16
Q

in an alarm reaction what are the metabolic effects?

A

glycogen breakdown and glucose releases
mobilisation of fat storage

17
Q

what is a permissive effect?

A

adrenaline working better with the effect of cortisol

18
Q

what is the metabolic action of cortisol due to stress?

A

increased energy production from glucose, amino acids and fats
increased protein breakdown

19
Q

what does glucocorticoids inhibit?

A

release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes
macrophages and helper T lymphocytes

20
Q

why do patients take corticosteroids?

A

anti inflammatory eg arthritis

21
Q

what effect for corticosteroids have on the body?

A

suppress CRJ and ACTH release and the natural stress response is decreased

22
Q

what is stress analgesia?

A

pain diminished during physical stress

23
Q

what is stress analgesia due to?

A

release of endogenous opioid peptides, endorphins, enkephalins in CNS
they suppress nociception and pain

24
Q

what can cause stress to a patient at the dentist?

A

noise of instruments
local anaesthesia
masks and gowns
pain
smells
severity of the procedure

25
Q

how do stress responses vary in children and adults?

A

greater in children

26
Q

what effect does stress have on HR and BP in men vs women?

A

HR = woman have higher response
BP = no difference

27
Q

what effect can stress have on systolic and diastolic BP?

A

systolic = + 5 to 20 mmHg
diastolic = + 4 to 8 mmHg

28
Q

what effect can stress have on heart rate?

A

+ 20

29
Q

when are effects of stress greater?

A

when standing
when in complex procedures
with anxious patients
when supervising student

30
Q

what happens to the individual if the stressors continue to be present?

A

cope = adaption phase
they dont = exhaustion phase

31
Q

what happens if an individual fails to adapt to the stressor?

A

adrenal failure
immunosuppression
peptic ulcers
CVS disease
death

32
Q

in terms of behaviour and stress, what is a type A person?

A

hand driving, competitive individuals are more prone to high blood pressure and CHD

33
Q

in terms of behaviour and stress, what is a type B person?

A

individuals who tend to be more relaxed and less impatient

BAMS Human Systems (33 decks)

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