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BAMS Human Systems > ES. control of water and electrolytes > Flashcards

ES. control of water and electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

how are gains and losses of water normally balanced?

A

gains:
water ingested
water formed in metabolism

losses:
excretion
evapouration

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2
Q

which factor in water balance is under homeostatic control?

A

urinary excretion

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3
Q

name parts of the kidney?

A

glomerulus
proximal convoluted tube
loop of henle
distal convoluted tube
collecting ducts

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4
Q

what is the rate of renal blood flow?

A

1200ml/min

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5
Q

what does the glomerulus do?

A

filtration of plasma

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6
Q

what is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

120 ml/min

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7
Q

what opposes the capillary hydrostatic blood pressure?

A

plasma protein oncotic pressure

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8
Q

what is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

ions
small organic molecules

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9
Q

what happens in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

obligatory reabsorption of 60 to 70% of the glomerular rate
secretion of H+

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10
Q

what is the loop of henle important for?

A

concentration of urine

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11
Q

what does the concentration of urine depend on?

A

active transport pumps in thick, ascending limb of the loop of henle

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12
Q

what happens in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

reabsorption of water (Na+, Cl+ and Ca2+)
secretion of H+ and K+

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13
Q

what is the activity in the distal convoluted tubule controlled by?

A
  • aldosterone
  • atrial natriuretic hormone
  • ADH
  • parathyroid hormone
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14
Q

how do collecting ducts reabsorb water?

A

under influence of ADH

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15
Q

how does water move in collecting ducts?

A

along osmotic gradient created by counter current exchange mechanism

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16
Q

what is the main control of water?

A

vasopressin
- antidiuretic hormone

17
Q

where is antidiuretic hormone produced and released?

A

produced in hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary gland

18
Q

how is ADH secretion increased?

A

decreased ECF volume
increased ECF osmolarity

19
Q

what effect does ADH have on blood vessels?

A

constriction

20
Q

where dos majority of the control of electrolytes operate?

A

kidney

21
Q

what does renin- angiotensin- aldosterone system do?

A
  • promotes reabsorption of Na+ and water
  • exchange for K+ and H+
22
Q

what does Atrial netriuretic hormone do?

A

increase excretion go Na+

23
Q

what hormone regulated potassium?

A

aldosterone

24
Q

what does hypo secretion of antidiuretic hormone do?

A

diabetes insipidus
large volumes of insipid urine

25
Q

what does hyper secretion of antidiuretic hormone do?

A

syndrome of appropriate ADH
excess ADH = water retention

26
Q

what are k salts used in toothpaste?

A

desensitise hypersensitive dentine

BAMS Human Systems (33 decks)

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