Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

Question 1

this theory is built on the scaffold provided by experiences as a therapist (Rogers)

Answer 1

client/person-centered therapy

Question 2

Carl Rogers birthdate and birthplace

Answer 2

January 8, 1902
Oak Park, Illinois

Question 3

is a tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms (Rogers)

Answer 3

formative tendency

Question 4

the tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials

is the only motive people possess (Rogers)

Answer 4

actualizing tendency

Question 5

It includes such basic needs as food, air, and safety; but it also includes the tendency to resist change and to seek the status quo (Rogers)

Answer 5

need for maintenance

Question 6

(Rogers) The need to become more, to develop, and achieve
growth is called?

is seen in people’s
willingness to learn things that are not immediately rewarding

are expressed in a variety of forms, including curiosity, playfulness, self-exploration, friendship, and confidence that one can achieve psychological growth

Answer 6

enhancement

Question 7

(Rogers) is a subset of the actualization tendency and is therefore not synonymous with it

is the tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness

Answer 7

self-actualization

Question 8

(Rogers) includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that
are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual

Answer 8

self-concept

Question 9

(Rogers) defined as one’s view of self as one wishes to be

the second subsystem of the self

Answer 9

the ideal self

Question 10

(Rogers) what does a wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept indicate?

Answer 10

incongruence and an unhealthy personality

Question 11

what are the three levels of awareness, according to Rogers

Answer 11

First, some events are experienced below the threshold of awareness and are either ignored or denied

Second, Rogers (1959) hypothesized that some experiences are accurately symbolized and freely admitted to the self-structure

A third level of awareness involves experiences that are perceived in a distorted form

Question 12

what are the processes necessary to becoming a person? (Rogers)

Answer 12

contact —> positive regard —> positive self-regard

Question 13

(Rogers) is the minimum experience necessary for becoming a person

Answer 13

contact, whether it be positive or negative

Question 14

a need to be loved, liked, or accepted by another person (Rogers)

Answer 14

positive regard

Question 15

(Rogers) a discrepancy between a person’s self-concept and aspects of their experience

Answer 15

incongruence

Question 16

(Rogers) defined as the experience of prizing or valuing one’s self

Answer 16

positive self-regard

Question 17

(Rogers) experiences and behaviors are perceived as acceptable only if they meet with approval from others

Answer 17

conditions of worth

Question 18

(Rogers) the protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat by the denial or distortion of experiences inconsistent with it

Answer 18

defensiveness

Question 19

(Rogers) behavior is still consistent with the self-concept, but the self-concept has been broken and thus the behavior appears bizarre and confusing

Answer 19

disorganization

Question 20

(Rogers) what are the 4 barriers to psychological health?

Answer 20

conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization

Question 21

Our perceptions of other people’s view of us are called? (Rogers)

Answer 21

external evaluations

Question 22

what is Rogers’ definition of anxiety?

Answer 22

a state of uneasiness or tension whose cause is unknown.

Question 23

what are the two chief defenses (Rogers)

Answer 23

distortion and denial

Question 24

with this chief defense, we misinterpret an experience in order to fit it into some aspect of our self-concept (Rogers)

Answer 24

distortion

Question 25

with this chief defense, we refuse to perceive an experience in awareness, or at least we keep some aspect of it from reaching symbolization (Rogers)

Answer 25

denial

Question 26

what is the purpose of both distortion and denial? (Rogers)

Answer 26

they keep our perception of our organismic experiences consistent with our self-concept—which allows us to ignore or block out experiences that otherwise would cause unpleasant anxiety or threat

Question 27

exists when a person’s organismic experiences are matched
by an awareness of them and by an ability and willingness to openly express these feelings (Rogers, 1980)

Answer 27

congruence

Question 28

what is unconditional positive regard? (Rogers)

Answer 28

the need to be liked, prized, or accepted by others without any conditions or qualifications

Question 29

what are the three conditions for psychological growth? (Rogers)

Answer 29

congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic listening

Question 30

what does empathy mean for Rogers?

Answer 30

it means temporarily living in the other’s life, moving about in it delicately without making judgments

Question 31

what is the basic outcome of client-centered counseling? (Rogers)

Answer 31

a congruent client who are open to experiences and who have no need to be defensive