B.F Skinner: Behavioral Analysis Flashcards
who were the two early pioneers of behaviorism? (SKINNER)
E.L Thorndike and John Watson
what is radical behaviorism? (SKINNER)
a doctrine that avoids all hypothetical constructs, such as ego, traits, drives, needs, hunger,
and so forth.
how can skinner be regarded as a determinist?
he rejected the notion of volition or free will
how can skinner be regarded as an environmentalist?
Skinner held that psychology must not explain behavior on the basis of the physiological or constitutional components of the organism but rather on the basis of environmental stimuli
what was Skinner’s’ “dark year”?
this was when he decided to become a writer
what were skinner’s three main inventions?
the Skinner Box
the Cumulative Recorder
the Baby Tender
what was important about the Cumulative Recorder?
with this, B.F Skinner found that behavior did not depend on the preceding stimulus as John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov maintained. and called the behaviors he discovered OPERANT BEHAVIOR
what is the law of effect? (BANDURA)
the law of effect is an observation Thorndike made that says learning takes place mostly because of the effects that follow a response
what were the two parts of the ‘law of effect’ (SKINNER)
the first states that responses to stimuli that are followed immediately by a satisfier tend to be “stamped in”
the second held that responses to stimuli that are followed immediately by an annoyer tend to be “stamped out.”
what did John B. Watson argue about psychology? (SKINNER)
Watson further argued that the
goal of psychology is the prediction and control of behavior and that goal could best be reached by limiting psychology to an objective study of habits formed through stimulus-response connections.
why did Skinner insist that psychology must avoid internal mental factors and confine itself to observable physical events?
a lot about psychology is relegated to cosmology if it is not confined within observable physical events.
if magkain ang tao kasi gutom sila and di natin makita ang gutom, then ano yan.
what are the three characteristics of science, according to B.F Skinner?
- science is cumulative
- it is an attitude that values empirical observation
- science is a search for order and lawful relationships
what are the two kinds of conditioning (SKINNER)
classical and operant
what is the distinction between classical and operant conditioning? (SKINNER)
in classical
conditioning, behavior is elicited from the organism, whereas in operant conditioning, behavior is emitted
An elicited response is drawn from the organism, whereas
an emitted response is one that simply appears
what happens in classical conditioning? give an example from the book (SKINNER)
In classical conditioning, a neutral (conditioned) stimulus is paired with—that is,
immediately precedes—an unconditioned stimulus a number of times until it is capable of bringing about a previously unconditioned response, now called the conditioned response
LITTLE ALBERTT
why is operant conditioning called operant? (SKINNER)
This conditioning is called operant conditioning because the organism operates on the environment to produce a specific effect.
