Erich Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Question 1

this theory assumes that humanity’s separation
from the natural world has produced feelings of loneliness and isolation, a condition
called basic anxiety (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 1

humanistic psychoanalysis

Question 2

When is Erich Fromm’s bday? and birthplace

Answer 2

March 23, 1900
Frankfurt, Germany

Question 3

can you explain the human dilemma that fromm talked about?

Answer 3

the human dilemma is that humans, unlike other animals, have been “torn away” from their prehistoric union with nature. They have no powerful instincts to
adapt to a changing world; instead, they have acquired the facility to reason

Question 4

what are the three existential dichotomies? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 4

1. life and death
2. we are capable of conceptualizing the goal of complete self-realization but we also know that life is too short to achieve it
3. we are ultimately alone but we also cannot tolerate isolation

Question 5

what are the five existential needs (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 5

1. Relatedness
2. Transcendence
3. Rootedness
4. Sense of identity
5. Frame of Orientation

Question 6

the three basic ways in which a person may relate to the world (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 6

submission, power, and love

Question 7

what is relatedness (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 7

the drive for union with another person or other persons

Question 8

this is the only route by which a person can become united with the world and, at the same time, achieve individuality and integrity (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 8

love

Question 9

the four basic elements common to all forms of genuine love (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 9

care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge

Question 10

this existential need is defined as the urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence and into “the realm of purposefulness and freedom” (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 10

transcendence

Question 11

this type of aggression is only used by humans and means to to kill for reasons other than survival (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 11

malignant aggression

Question 12

can you explain what rootedness is? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 12

the third existential need is rootedness, or the need to establish roots or to feel at home again in the world. When humans evolved as a separate species, they lost their
home in the natural world. At the same time, their capacity for thought enabled them to realize that they were without a home, without roots. The consequent feelings of isolation and helplessness became unbearable.

Question 13

what is fixation (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 13

a tenacious reluctance to move beyond the protective security provided by one’s mother

Question 14

what existential need is seen phylogenetically in accordance with freud? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 14

rootedness?

Question 15

can you explain what the need for a sense of identity means? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 15

the fourth existential need is for a sense of identity or the capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity. Because we have been torn away from nature, we need to
form a concept of our self, to be able to say, “I am I,” or “I am the subject of my action”

Question 16

Being split off from nature, humans need a road map, a __________, to make their way through the world.
Without such a map, humans would be “confused and unable to act purposefully and
consistently” (Fromm, 1973, p. 230). A frame of orientation enables people to organize the various stimuli that impinge on them. People who possess a solid __________ can make sense of these events and phenomena, but those who lack a
reliable __________ will, nevertheless, strive to put these events into some
sort of framework in order to make sense of them. For example, an American with a
shaky __________ and a poor understanding of history may attempt to understand the events of September 11, 2001, by blaming them on “evil” or “bad”
people (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 16

the need for a frame of orientation

Question 17

what are the components for relatedness? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 17

submission or domination vs love

Question 18

what are the components for transcendence? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 18

destructiveness vs creativeness

Question 19

what are the components for rootedness? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 19

fixation vs wholeness

Question 20

what are the components for a sense of identity? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 20

fixation vs individuality

Question 21

what are the components for frame of orientation? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 21

irrational goals vs rational goals

Question 22

what does fromm call humans as the only animal possessing self-awareness, imagination, and reason (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 22

freaks of the universe

Question 23

what are the three MECHANISMS OF ESCAPE (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 23

authoritarianism, destructiveness, and conformity

Question 24

the “tendency to give up the independence of one’s own individual self and to fuse one’s self with somebody or something
outside oneself, in order to acquire the strength which the individual is lacking” (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 24

authoritarianism

Question 25

what does masochism result from? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 25

basic feelings of powerlessness,
weakness, and inferiority and is aimed at joining the self to a more powerful person
or institution

Question 26

this MECHANISM OF ESCAPE is rooted in the feelings of aloneness, isolation, and powerlessness. Unlike sadism and masochism, however, _________
does not depend on a continuous relationship with another person; rather, it seeks to do away with other people. (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 26

destructiveness

Question 27

this MECHANISM OF ESCAPE is when People who _______ try to escape from a sense of aloneness and isolation by giving up their individuality and becoming whatever other people desire them to be. Thus, they become like robots, reacting predictably and mechanically to the whims of others. They seldom express their own opinion, cling to expected standards of behavior, and often appear stiff and automated. (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 27

conformity

Question 28

can you explain positive freedom? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 28

This type of freedom talks about how a person “can be free and not alone, critical and yet not filled with doubts, independent and yet an integral part of mankind”

It represents a successful solution to the human dilemma
of being part of the natural world and yet separate from it. Through positive freedom and spontaneous activity, people overcome the terror of aloneness, achieve union with the world, and maintain individuality

Question 29

what are the twin components of positive freedom (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 29

love and work

Question 30

a person’s relatively permanent way of relating to people and things (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 30

character orientation

Question 31

defined as “the relatively permanent system of all non-instinctual strivings through which man relates himself to the human and natural world” (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 31

character

Question 32

what are the non productive orientations (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 32

hoarding, marketing, exploiting, receptive

Question 33

these characters feel that the source of all good lies outside themselves and that the only way they can relate to the world is to receive things, including love, knowledge, and material possessions. They are more concerned with receiving than with giving, and they want others to shower them with love, ideas, and gifts. (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 33

receptive characters

Question 34

these characters believe that the source of all good is outside themselves. Unlike receptive people, however, they aggressively take what they desire rather than passively receive it. In their social relationships, they are likely to use cunning or force to take someone else’s spouse, ideas, or property. An exploitative man may “fall in love” with a married woman, not so much because he is truly fond of her, but because he wishes to exploit her husband. In the realm of ideas, exploitative people prefer to steal or plagiarize rather than create. (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 34

exploitative characters

Question 35

these characters seek to save
that which they have already obtained. They hold everything inside and do not let go
of anything. They keep money, feelings, and thoughts to themselves. In a love relationship, they try to possess the loved one and preserve the relationship rather than allowing it to change and grow. They tend to live in the past and are repelled by anything new (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 35

hoarding characters

Question 36

these characters are an outgrowth of modern commerce in which trade is no longer personal but carried out by large, faceless corporations. Consistent with the demands of modern commerce, marketing characters see themselves as commodities, with their personal value dependent on their exchange value, that is, their ability to sell themselves.

see themselves as being in constant demand; they must make others believe that they are skillful and salable (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 36

marketing characters

Question 37

the productive orientation has three dimensions: (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 37

working, loving and reasoning

Question 38

a passionate love of life and all that is alive (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 38

biophilia

Question 39

what are biophilic people (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 39

Biophilic people desire to further all life—the life of people, animals,
plants, ideas, and cultures. They are concerned with the growth and development of
themselves as well as others. Biophilic individuals want to influence people through love, reason, and example—not by force.

Question 40

what the 3 personality disorders (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 40

necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis

Question 41

is an alternative character orientation to biophilia. People naturally love life, but when social conditions stunt biophilia, they may adopt a _______ orientation (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 41

necrophilia/necrophilic

Question 42

an obsessive attention to one’s health (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 42

(hypochondriasis)

Question 43

a preoccupation with guilt about previous transgressions. (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 43

moral hypochondriasis

Question 44

an extreme dependence on the mother or mother surrogate.

___________ is an exaggerated form of the more common and more benign mother fixation. Men with a mother fixation
need a woman to care for them, dote on them, and admire them; they feel somewhat
anxious and depressed when their needs are not fulfilled.

This condition is relatively
normal and does not greatly interfere with their daily life. (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 44

incestuous symbiosis

Question 45

what is the opposite of the syndrome of decay (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 45

syndrome of growth

Question 46

what are the components of the syndrome of growth? (ERICH FROMM)

Answer 46

love, biophilia, and positive freedom