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Theories of Personality > Erik Erikson: Post Freudian Theory > Flashcards

Erik Erikson: Post Freudian Theory Flashcards

1
Q

this theory extended Freud’s infantile developmental
stages into adolescence, adulthood, and old age (Erikson)

A

post-Freudian theory

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2
Q

a turning point in one’s life that may either strengthen or weaken personality (Erikson)

A

identity crisis

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3
Q

Erik Erikson’s birthday and birthplace

A

June 15, 1902
Southern Germany

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4
Q

is a positive force that creates a self-identity, a sense of “I.”

As the center of our personality, our _______helps us adapt to the various conflicts and crises of life and keeps us from losing our individuality to the
leveling forces of society (Erikson)

A

ego

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5
Q

represents the image we have of ourselves in comparison with an established ideal; it is responsible for our being satisfied or
dissatisfied not only with our physical self but with our entire personal identity (Erikson)

A

ego ideal

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6
Q

is the image we have of ourselves in the variety of social roles we play (Erikson)

A

ego identity

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7
Q

an illusion perpetrated and perpetuated by a particular society that it is somehow chosen to be the human species (Erikson)

A

pseudospecies

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8
Q

implies a step-by-step growth of fetal organs.

The embryo does not begin as a completely formed little person, waiting to merely expand its structure and form. Rather, it develops, or should develop, according to a predetermined rate and in a fixed sequence. If the eyes, liver, or other organs do not develop during that critical period for their development, then they will never attain proper maturity. (Erikson)

A

epigenetic principle/development

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9
Q

what is the term for the elements present in an interaction of opposites? (Erikson)

A

syntomic (harmonious) and dystonic (disruptive)

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10
Q

what is erikson’s term for a conflict between a syntonic (harmonious) element and a dystonic (disruptive) element. (Erikson)

A

interaction of opposites

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11
Q

the conflict between the dystonic and syntonic elements
produces an ego quality or ego strength, which Erikson referred to as a _________

A

basic strength

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12
Q

a period encompassing approximately the
first year of life and paralleling Freud’s oral phase of development (Erikson)

A

infancy

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13
Q

a phrase that includes infants’ principal psychosexual mode of adapting (Erikson)

A

oral-sensory

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14
Q

what are the two characteristics of the oral-sensory stage (Erikson)

A

receiving and accepting what is given

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15
Q

a period paralleling Freud’s anal stage and encompassing approximately the 2nd and 3rd years of life. (Erikson)

A

early childhood

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16
Q

During the 2nd year of life, children’s primary psychosexual adjustment is the _____________ mode (Erikson)

A

anal urethral-muscular

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17
Q

what does autonomy grow out of?(Erikson)

A

basic trust

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18
Q

is a feeling of self-consciousness, of being looked at and exposed (Erikson)

A

shame

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19
Q

is the feeling of not being certain, the feeling that something remains hidden and cannot be seen (Erikson)

A

doubt

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20
Q

what does shame and doubt grow out of? (Erikson)

A

basic mistrust

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21
Q

what basic strength comes from autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

will/willfulness

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22
Q

a period covering the same time
as Freud’s phallic phase—roughly ages 3 to 5 years (erikson)

third stage of development (Erikson)

A

play age

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23
Q

what is the primary psychosexual mode during the play age (Erikson)

A

genital-locomotor

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24
Q

Erikson saw this as a prototype “of the lifelong power of human
playfulness

A

oedipal situation

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25
Q

what psychosocial crisis is present in the play age? (Erikson)

A

initiative vs guilt

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26
Q

what basic strength is produced from initiative vs guilt? (Erikson)

A

purpose

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27
Q

Erikson’s concept of ____ covers development from about age 6 to approximately age 12 or 13 and matches the latency years of Freud’s theory

A

school age

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28
Q

what is the psychosocial crisis of the school age? (Erikson)

A

industry vs inferiority

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29
Q

what basic strength comes from industry vs inferiority? (Erikson)

A

competence

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30
Q

(Erikson) the antithesis of competence and the core pathology of the
school age

Example: They may become preoccupied with infantile genital and Oedipal fantasies and spend most of their time in nonproductive play. This regression is called

A

inertia

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31
Q

________, is the period from puberty to young adulthood, is one of the most crucial developmental stages because, by the end of this period, a person must gain a
firm sense of ego identity (Erikson)

A

Adolescence

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32
Q

what basic strength comes from identity vs identity confusion? (Erikson)

A

fidelity

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33
Q

what psychosocial crisis is present in adolescence? (Erikson)

A

identity vs identity confusion

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34
Q

(Erikson) defined as genital maturation, plays a relatively minor role in Erikson’s concept of adolescence

it triggers expectations of adult roles yet ahead—roles that are essentially social and can be
filled only through a struggle to attain ego identity

A

puberty

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35
Q

According to Erikson (1982), identity emerges from two sources:

A
  1. adolescents’ affirmation or repudiation of childhood identifications
  2. their historical and social contexts, which encourage conformity to certain standards
36
Q

a dilemma that may intensify an adolescent’s identity confusion (Erikson)

A

They must either repudiate (refuse) the values of parents or reject those of the peer group

37
Q

is a syndrome of problems that includes a divided self image, an inability to establish intimacy, a sense of time urgency, a lack of concentration on required tasks, and a rejection of family or community standards (Erikson)

A

identity confusion

38
Q

the core pathology of adolescence that blocks one’s ability to synthesize various self-images and values into a workable identity

can take the form of either diffidence or defiance (Erikson)

A

role repudiation

39
Q

is an extreme lack of self-trust or self confidence and is expressed as shyness or hesitancy to express oneself (Erikson)

A

diffidence

40
Q

is the act of rebelling against authority (Erikson)

A

defiance

41
Q

how are defiant adolescents defined? (Erikson)

A

stubbornly hold to socially unacceptable beliefs and practices simply because these beliefs and practices are unacceptable

42
Q

a time from about age 19 to 30 is circumscribed not so much by time as by the acquisition of intimacy at the beginning
of the stage and the development of generativity at the end. For some people, this stage is a relatively short time, lasting perhaps only a few years (Erikson)

A

young adulthood

43
Q

what psychosocial crisis is present in young adulthood? (Erikson)

A

intimacy vs isolation

44
Q

what basic strength comes from the psychosocial crisis of intimacy vs isolation? (Erikson)

A

love

45
Q

(Erikson) can develop only during young adulthood when it is distinguished by mutual trust and a stable sharing of sexual satisfaction with a loved person

the chief psychosexual accomplishment of young
adulthood and exists only in an intimate relationship

psychosexual mode for young adulthood

A

true genitality

46
Q

is the ability to fuse one’s identity with that of another person without fear of losing it (Erikson)

A

intimacy

47
Q

means an ability and willingness to share a mutual trust

involves sacrifice, compromise, and commitment within a relationship of two equals (Erikson)

A

mature intimacy

48
Q

defined as “the incapacity to take chances with one’s identity by sharing true intimacy”

the psychosocial counterpart to intimacy (Erikson)

A

isolation

49
Q

what is erikson’s definition of love?

A

mature devotion that overcomes basic differences between men and women

50
Q

means commitment, sexual passion, cooperation, competition, and friendship (Erikson)

A

mature love

51
Q

the core pathology of young adulthood

antipathy of love

becomes pathological when it blocks one’s ability to cooperate, compete, or compromise—all prerequisite ingredients for intimacy and love (Erikson)

A

exclusivity

52
Q

that time when people begin to take their place in society and assume responsibility for whatever society produces

is the longest stage of development (Erikson)

A

adulthood

53
Q

what psychosexual mode is present in adulthood? (Erikson)

A

procreativity

54
Q

what psychosocial crisis is present in adulthood? (Erikson)

A

generativity versus stagnation

55
Q

what basic strength comes from generativity versus stagnation? (Erikson)

A

care

56
Q

refers to more than genital contact with an intimate partner

includes assuming responsibility for the care of offspring that result from that sexual contact

psychosexual mode for adulthood (Erikson)

A

procreativity

57
Q

defined as “the generation of new beings as well as new products and new ideas”

is concerned with establishing and guiding the next generation, including the procreation of children, the production of work, and the creation of new things and ideas that contribute to the building of a better world

grows out of earlier syntonic qualities such as intimacy and identity (Erikson)

A

generativity

58
Q

antithesis of generativity (Erikson)

A

self-absorption and stagnation

The generational cycle of productivity and creativity is crippled when people become too absorbed in themselves, too self-indulgent

59
Q

how can stagnation and self-absorption be necessary? (Erikson)

A

Creative people must, at times, remain in a dormant stage and be absorbed with themselves in order to eventually generate new growth

60
Q

Erikson’s definition of care

A

a widening commitment to take care of the persons, the products, and the ideas one has learned to care for

61
Q

care arises from each earlier basic ego strength: (Erikson)

A

hope,
will,
purpose,
competence,
fidelity,
and love

62
Q

is not a duty or obligation but a natural desire emerging from the conflict between generativity and stagnation or self-absorption (Erikson)

A

care

63
Q

(Erikson) antipathy of care

core pathology of adulthood

is the unwillingness to take care of certain persons or groups

A

rejectivity

64
Q

what are the three ways that rejectivity is manifested as? (Erikson)

A

self-centeredness
provincialism
pseudospeciation

65
Q

is the belief that other groups of people are inferior to one’s own

is responsible for much of human hatred, destruction, atrocities, and wars (Erikson)

A

pseudospeciation

66
Q

Erikson was in his early 40s
when he first conceptualized this stage and arbitrarily defined it as the period from
about age 60 to the end of life

eighth and final stage of development

can be a time of joy, playfulness, and wonder; but it is also a time of senility, depression, and despair

A

old age

67
Q

what is the psychosexual mode for old age? (Erikson)

A

generalized sensuality

68
Q

what psychosocial crisis is present in old age? (Erikson)

A

ego integrity vs despair

69
Q

what basic strength comes from ego integrity vs ego despair? (Erikson)

A

wisdom

70
Q

it means to take pleasure in
a variety of different physical sensations—sights, sounds, tastes, odors, embraces, and perhaps genital stimulation

may also include a greater appreciation for the traditional
lifestyle of the opposite sex (Erikson)

A

generalized sensuality

71
Q

what does a generalized sensual attitude depend on? (Erikson)

A

dependent on one’s ability to hold things together, that is, to maintain integrity in the face of despair

72
Q

is sometimes difficult to maintain when people see that they are losing familiar aspects of their existence (Erikson)

A

ego integrity

73
Q

means a feeling of wholeness
and coherence, an ability to hold together one’s sense of “I-ness” despite diminishing physical and intellectual powers (Erikson)

A

integrity

74
Q

literally means to be without hope

is in the opposite corner from hope, a person’s first basic strength (Erikson)

A

despair

75
Q

how can despair be deemed necessary? (Erikson)

A

the inevitable struggle between integrity and despair produces wisdom, the basic strength
of old age

76
Q

informed and detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself

draws from and contributes to the traditional knowledge passed from generation to generation (Erikson)

A

wisdom

77
Q

what do people with detached concern exhibit? (Erikson)

A

an active but dispassionate interest

78
Q

a reaction to feeling (and seeing others) in an increasing state of being finished, confused, helpless

antithesis of wisdom and the core pathology of old age (Erikson)

A

disdain

79
Q

how did erikson describe the ninth stage?

A

a period of very old age when physical and mental infirmities rob people of their generative abilities and reduce them to waiting
for death

80
Q

what psychosexual mode is present in school age? (Erikson)

A

latency

81
Q

what psychosexual mode is it for adolescence? (Erikson)

A

puberty

82
Q

is a controversial field that combines psychoanalytic concepts with historical methods (Erikson)

A

psychohistory

83
Q

what is erikson’s definition of psychohistory

A

the study of individual and collective life with the combined methods of psychoanalysis and history

84
Q

how did erikson look at Gandhi’s situation of being close to his mother but experiencing conflict with his father

A

Rather than viewing this situation as an Oedipal conflict, Erikson saw it as Gandhi’s opportunity to work out conflict with authority figures——an opportunity Gandhi was to have many times during his life

85
Q

what is the epigenetic principle? (Erikson)

A

meaning that each component proceeds in a step-by-step fashion with later growth
building on earlier development

Theories of Personality (19 decks)

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