Freud & Psychoanalysis Flashcards
Freud, of course, was fortunate that his name did not become indelibly tied to cocaine. Instead, his name has become associated with _____ (freud)
psychoanalysis
Sigismund (Sigmund) Freud was born either on
March 6 or May 6, 1856
a disorder typically characterized by paralysis or the improper functioning of certain parts of the body (freud)
hysteria
the process of removing hysterical symptoms through “talking them out.” (freud)
catharsis
He spent 4 months with ______, from whom he learned the hypnotic technique for
treating (freud)
Jean-Martin Charcot
_________ constitute a firsthand
account of the beginnings of psychoanalysis and reveal the embryonic stage of
Freudian theory. (freud)
Freud’s letters to Fliess
Why did Freud abandon his once-treasured seduction theory?
First, he said, the seduction theory had not enabled
him to successfully treat even a single patient.
Second, a great number of fathers, including his own, would have to be accused of sexual perversion because hysteria was
quite common even among Freud’s siblings.
Third, Freud believed that the unconscious mind could probably not distinguish reality from fiction, a belief that later
evolved into the Oedipus complex.
Fourth, he found that the unconscious memories of advanced psychotic patients almost never revealed early childhood sexual
experiences
Freud’s official biographer
Ernest Jones
Freud’s personal physician
Max Schur
the book that established sex as the cornerstone of psychoanalysis
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
the book that proposed that jokes, like dreams and Freudian slips, have an unconscious meaning.
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
Freud’s greatest contribution to personality theory is
his exploration of the unconscious and his insistence that people are motivated primarily by drives of which they have little or no awareness
mental life is divided into two levels _____ and _____ (freud)
unconscious and conscious
unconscious, in turn, has two different levels, (freud)
unconscious proper and preconscious
Because its sole function is to seek pleasure, we say that the id serves the ______ (freud)
pleasure principle
As the region that houses basic drives (primary motivates), the id operates through the (freud)
primary process.
The ego is governed by the _______, which it tries to substitute for the pleasure principle of the id. (freud)
reality principle
The superego has two subsystems (freud)
the conscience and the ego-ideal
In Freudian psychology, the superego, or above-I, represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality and is guided by the (freud)
moralistic and idealistic principles
the mouth and anus are especially capable of producing sexual pleasure and are
called ______ zones. (freud)
erogenous
Infants are primarily self-centered, with their libido invested almost exclusively in their own ego. (freud)
primary
narcissism
During puberty, however, adolescents often redirect their libido back to the ego and become preoccupied with personal appearance and other self-interests (freud)
secondary narcissism
is the need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person (freud)
Sadism
explains the need for the barriers that people have
erected to check aggression (freud)
aggressive drive
They involve the repression of strong hostile impulses and the overt and obvious expression of the opposite tendency (freud)
reaction
formations
Sex and aggression share the center of Freudian dynamic theory with the concept of (freud)
anxiety
Only the ego can produce or feel anxiety, but the id, superego, and external world each are involved in one of three kinds of anxiety
______, ______, and _____ (freud)
neurotic, moral, and realistic
is defined as apprehension about an unknown danger (freud)
Neurotic anxiety
stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego (freud)
moral anxiety,
is closely related to fear. It is defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger (freud)
realistic anxiety
The most basic defense mechanism, because it is involved in each of the others, is (freud)
repression
One of the ways in which a repressed impulse may become conscious is through
adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form. This defense mechanism is called a (freud)
reaction formation
the strategy of remaining
at the present, more comfortable psychological stage (freud)
fixation
When an internal impulse provokes too much anxiety, the ego may reduce that anxiety by attributing the unwanted impulse to an external object, usually another person (freud)
projection,
An extreme type of projection is ______ a mental disorder characterized by
powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution (freud)
paranoia
Whereas projection involves placing an unwanted impulse onto an external object _____ is a defense mechanism whereby people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego (freud)
introjection
is the repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim. (freud)
Sublimation
the most crucial stage for personality formation (freud)
infantile stage,
Freud’s first infantile stage of development is the (freud)
oral phase.
this period is characterized by satisfaction gained through aggressive behavior and through the excretory function (freud)
sadistic-anal phase or anal phase
people who continue to receive erotic satisfaction by keeping and possessing objects and by arranging them in an excessively
neat and orderly fashion (freud)
anal character
anal triad (freud)
orderliness, stinginess, and obstinacy
At approximately 3 or 4 years of age, children begin a third stage of infantile development—the _____ (freud)
phallic phase,
is brought about partly by parents’ attempts to punish or discourage sexual activity in their young children (freud)
latency stage
It is a stage attained by everyone who reaches physical maturity (freud)
genital period
With ______, patients are required to verbalize every thought that
comes to their mind, no matter how irrelevant or repugnant it may appear. (freud)
free association
refers to the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment (freud)
Transference
is the surface meaning or
the conscious description given by the dreamer (freud)
manifest content
refers to its unconscious material (freud)
latent content
refers to the fact that the manifest dream content is not as extensive as the latent level, indicating that the unconscious material has been abbreviated or condensed before appearing on the manifest level. (freud)
Condensation
means that the dream image is replaced by some other idea only remotely related to it (freud)
Displacement
refer to what many people now simply call “Freudian slips.” (freud)
parapraxes
are disguised means of
expressing unconscious impulses.
(freud)
dreams and Freudian slips
a boy’s fear of losing their penis
castration anxiety
Like boys, pre-Oedipal girls assume that all other children have genitals similar to their own. Soon they discover that boys not only possess different genital equipment, but apparently something extra. Girls then become
envious of this appendage, feel cheated, and desire to have a penis.
THIS EXPERIENCE IS CALLED?
penis envy
