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Exercise As Medicine > Rhematoid Arthritis > Flashcards

Rhematoid Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A

Autoimmune disease

Affects 1% of general population

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2
Q

What is the aetiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A

Aetiology not known

Possible factors include genetics and environment

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3
Q

Is there a cure for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A

No cure

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of RA?

A

Symptoms of RA

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A

Pain, stiffness and swelling in joints

Structural damage if not treated adequately

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6
Q

What other areas of the body are influenced by RA?

A

Heart, lung and blood vessels are also influenced

High grade systemic inflammation

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7
Q

How is RA characterized?

A

RA is characterised by ‘flares’

Lee & Weinblatt 2001

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8
Q

What is the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease associated with?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

(Kitas & Gabriel, 2011)

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9
Q

What are potential causes of cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  1. Physical Inactivity
  2. Hypertension
  3. Obesity
  4. Endothelial Dysfunction
  5. Hypercholesterolaemia
  6. Insulin Resistance

(Kitas & Gabriel, 2011)

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10
Q

What is the sample size of the exercise group?

A

N = 20

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11
Q

What type of exercise program was used in the exercise group?

A

Individualised exercise (Action Heart)

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12
Q

What assessments were conducted in the exercise group?

A

Assessments @ baseline, 3 months, & 6 months: Fitness, Endothelial Function, Fasted Blood Sample

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13
Q

What is the sample size of the control group?

A

N = 18

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14
Q

What intervention was provided to the control group?

A

Exercise advice

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15
Q

What is the frequency of the exercise programme for Month 1-3?

A

3 times per week

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16
Q

What is the intensity of aerobic training for Month 1-3?

A

70% of VO2max

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17
Q

What type of exercises are included in Month 1-3?

A

3 circuits of 3-4 aerobic exercises in intervals of 3-4 mins

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18
Q

What is the total time for the exercise programme in Month 1-3?

A

60 mins

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19
Q

What is the frequency of the exercise programme for Month 3-6?

A

3 times per week

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20
Q

What is the intensity for aerobic training in Month 3-6?

A

70% of VOmax

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21
Q

What is the intensity for resistance training in Month 3-6?

A

70% of 1RM

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22
Q

What type of aerobic exercises are included in Month 3-6?

A

3 circuits of 3-4 aerobic exercises in intervals of 3-4 mins

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23
Q

What type of resistance exercises are included in Month 3-6?

A

1 set of 12-15 reps of leg press, shoulder press, chest press, pull ups

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24
Q

What is the total time for the exercise programme in Month 3-6?

A

70 mins

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25
Q

What is the baseline duration in the study?

A

3 months

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26
Q

What are the significant interaction effects observed?

A

All significant Group & Time interaction effects

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27
Q

What are the durations mentioned in the study?

A

Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

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28
Q

Which study discusses RA & exercise?

A

Stavropoulos- Kalinogiou et al (2013), Ann Rheum Dis, 72: 1819-25

29
Q

Which other study is referenced regarding RA & exercise?

A

Motsios et al (2014), Ann Rheum Dis, 73: 748-51

30
Q

What type of exercise is most commonly used for RA?

A

Combined aerobic and resistance

31
Q

What are the benefits of appropriate exercise programmes for RA?

A

Increase cardiorespiratory fitness, Improve function ability, Do not aggravate RA, Reduce the risk for CVD

32
Q

What should physical activity (PA) be in the care of people with RMDs?

A

PA should be an integral part of standard clinical care of people with RMDs.

(Rausch Osthoff et al 2018; Gwinnutt et al 2022)

33
Q

How should PA be offered to newly diagnosed patients?

A

PA should be offered as an adjunct treatment in newly diagnosed patients.

(Combe et al 2017)

34
Q

In what context should PA be offered for symptom management?

A

PA should be offered in the management of specific symptoms (e.g., pain) and co-morbidities (e.g., cardiovascular disease).

(Geenen et al 2018; Agca et al 2017)

35
Q

What role does PA play in self-management strategies for RMDs?

A

PA is a key self-management strategy in RMDs.

(Nikiphorou et al 2021)

36
Q

What was the sample size and demographic of the exercise intervention group?

A

20 patients with RA, average age 55 (10) years, 10 women.

37
Q

How was the exercise intervention individualized?

A

Based on patient’s preference and ability.

38
Q

How often did patients participate in the exercise intervention?

A

3 times/week (twice in exercise centre and once at home).

39
Q

What was the intensity of the exercise intervention?

A

70% of maximal Heart Rate.

40
Q

What was the sample size and demographic of the anti-TNF treatment group?

A

23 patients, average age 54 (15) years, 15 women.

41
Q

What was the treatment focus for the anti-TNF group?

A

Starting anti-TNF treatment.

42
Q

Who conducted the study referenced?

A

Veldhulzen van Zanten et al 2019.

43
Q

What are the beneficial effects of exercise and anti-TNF treatment in RA?

A

Both exercise and anti-TNF treatment have beneficial effects in RA.

44
Q

How does successful anti-TNF treatment affect cardiovascular risk?

A

Successful anti-TNF treatment improves cardiovascular risk by reducing disease activity.

45
Q

How does exercise improve cardiovascular risk?

A

Exercise improves cardiovascular risk by enhancing the function of the vasculature.

46
Q

What may reduce the risk for CVD after successful anti-TNF treatment?

A

Increasing levels of physical activity may reduce the risk for CVD after successful anti-TNF treatment.

47
Q

Who conducted the study referenced in the conclusion?

A

Veldhuizen van Zanten et al 2019.

48
Q

What is the relationship between successful medication and physical activity (PA)?

A

Following successful medication, there is an increase in PA and a decrease in sedentary time.

49
Q

When might be the best time to implement an exercise program for patients?

A

Perhaps the best time to implement an exercise program is when patients are already increasing PA.

50
Q

How active are patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

A

Patients with RA are less active than others.

51
Q

What is the activity level of patients with RA compared to the general population?

A

Patients with RA are less active than the general population.

Sokka et al 2008, Tierney et al 2012

52
Q

What was the sample size of the study on RA patients’ activity levels?

A

N = 5,235

53
Q

How many countries were involved in the RA activity study?

A

21 countries

54
Q

What percentage of RA patients reported no regular activity?

A

70%

55
Q

What percentage of RA patients exercised 3 times a week?

A

13.8%

56
Q

What type of study was conducted on RA patients’ activity levels?

A

Cross Sectional

57
Q

What is the focus of Veldhuijzen van Zanten et al 2015?

A

Barriers for active vs inactive people with RA

RA refers to rheumatoid arthritis.

58
Q

What do Wilcox et al 2006 suggest about barriers?

A

Similar barriers exist, but there are different ways of coping with them.

59
Q

What is necessary to understand the association between barriers and PA behavior?

A

The impact must be taken into account.

PA refers to physical activity.

60
Q

What role does self-efficacy play according to Veldhuijzen van Zanten et al 2015?

A

Self-efficacy for exercise and barrier self-efficacy are important.

61
Q

What does ‘Strenge and aerobie capacity’ refer to?

A

It is not defined in the provided text.

62
Q

What is the significance of Gyurcsik et al 2009?

A

They highlight the importance of considering impact when examining barriers and PA behavior.

63
Q

What is known about the long-term effect of an exercise intervention?

A

Little is known about the long-term effect of an exercise intervention.

64
Q

What theory can support behavior change in exercise interventions?

A

Self-determination theory (SDT) can support behavior change.

65
Q

What was the conclusion regarding the intervention’s effect on motivation?

A

The intervention was successful at increasing autonomous motivation.

66
Q

What was the outcome regarding cardiorespiratory fitness?

A

There were no changes in cardiorespiratory fitness.

67
Q

What is suggested for translating motivation into action?

A

More intense support is needed with the exercise programme.

68
Q

What is the implication of increased motivation?

A

Motivation increased, but more help is needed to exercise at the right intensity to achieve health benefits.

Exercise As Medicine (12 decks)

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