Exercise For Psychosis Flashcards
What are positive psychotic symptoms?
Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganised Speech
What are negative psychotic symptoms?
Anhedonia, Anergie, Apatry, Avolition
What are cognitive symptoms of psychosis?
Cognitive Impairment, Poor Memory, Processing Speed
What is the global prevalence of schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia affects over 20 million individuals worldwide.
(1)
Where does schizophrenia rank in terms of debilitating disorders?
Schizophrenia is ranked within the top 10 of the most debilitating disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Review.
(2)
What is the estimated economic burden of schizophrenia by 2026?
The economic burden of schizophrenia is estimated to amount to 23.7 billion by 2026.
(3)
What is psychosis?
An episode where one is detached from reality.
What is schizophrenia?
A mental illness that impacts thought processes, emotions, and behavior.
What can cause psychosis?
It can be a symptom of sleep deprivation, substance use, mental illness, and other conditions.
What are the criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia?
One must experience at least two of the following symptoms for six months, including one of the first three:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganized speech.
What are signs of psychosis?
Signs include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and negative symptoms such as lessened emotional expression.
What is the incidence rate of first episode psychosis in England?
31.7 per 108,000
What is a crucial intervention point for first episode psychosis?
The first 5 years since symptom onset
Why is early intervention in psychosis important?
It is both clinically effective and cost-effective.
What does early intervention limit?
Experiences with severe and debilitating symptom subtypes.
What is the state of pathology in early intervention?
It is still in its infancy and can change the trajectory of illness.
What are the benefits of early intervention?
Better symptomatic and functional outcomes, improved psychological condition, and increased chances of optimum recovery.
What is the primary function of antipsychotic drugs?
Effectively reduce positive symptoms experienced in PEP/SeZ.
What positive symptoms do antipsychotic drugs target?
Hallucinations, delusions, anxiety.
Which receptor do antipsychotic drugs operate via?
C2 dopamine receptor.
What is regulated by antipsychotic drugs?
Dopaminergic transmission.
What is a limitation of antipsychotic drugs?
They fail to ameliorate negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in 33% of schizophrenia cohorts.
This means that a significant portion of patients do not respond to these medications.
What are some side effects of antipsychotic drugs?
They can induce further extrapyramidal symptoms, poor motivation, and emotional numbing.
What are some health risks associated with antipsychotic drugs?
They are linked to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.
What is the weight gain associated with Haloperidol?
Haloperidol can cause weight gain ranging from 7.4 to 9.2 kg (16.3 to 20.3 lbs).
What is the primary focus of exercise as therapy?
Anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
What percentage of maximum effort is associated with IL-6?
> 60% maximum.
What physiological benefit does exercise provide?
Offsets AP induced weight gain.
How does exercise impact metabolic and cardiovascular diseases?
Prevents metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (insulin, glucagon).
What risk does exercise reduce?
Reduces premature mortality risk.
What processes does exercise influence in the body?
Regulates peripheral anti-inflammatory processes.
What does exercise facilitate in terms of myokines?
Upregulation in IL-6 and growth factors that can pass the blood-brain barrier.
What are some key myokines involved in exercise?
IL-6, IL-10, S-INH, TNF, Th1 (IFN-y), TLR expression.
What type of stress is associated with adipose tissue?
Oxidative stress.
What are the reported effects of exercise on the brain and CNS?
Exercise is reported to exert multiple beneficial effects in the brain and CNS, including increased grey matter volume and improved cognitive functioning.
What cognitive functions are improved by exercise?
Exercise improves cognitive functioning, including working memory, social cognition, and attention.
(5)
How does exercise influence neurogenesis?
Exercise influences neurogenesis and synaptic potentiation.
What effect does exercise have on cerebral cytokines?
Exercise downregulates cerebral cytokines to reduce neuroinflammation.
What is one long-term benefit of exercise related to degenerative diseases?
Exercise delays the onset of degenerative disease.
(7)
What is the focus of the study by Dunleavy et al, 2022?
Investigating the effects of a 6-week moderate-to-vigorous exercise intervention on inflammatory biomarker concentration and negative symptom presentation in First Episode Psychosis.
What questionnaire is used for screening negative symptoms?
Negative Symptom Questionnaire.
What does FEP stand for?
First Episode Psychosis.
What are the response options for the Negative Symptoms questionnaire?
Strongly agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly disagree.
What is the main focus of the study titled ‘ExerciseAPsychosis’?
The study assesses the effect of moderate-to-vigorous exercise on inflammatory biomarkers and negative symptom profiles in men with first-episode psychosis.
How long was the exercise program in the study?
The exercise program lasted for 6 weeks.
What intensity of exercise was used in the study?
Standardised exercise bouts were conducted at 60-75% of an individual’s personal HRMax.
What significant changes were observed after the exercise program?
Significant changes in biomarkers and symptom profiles central to first-episode psychosis pathophysiology were observed.
What specific biomarker showed significant reductions?
There were significant reductions in basal circulating IL-6 concentration.
Which other biomarkers increased during the study?
Increases were seen in IL-8, IL-10, BDNF, and VEGF.
What was the impact of the exercise on negative symptoms?
There was a significant reduction in negative symptoms and general psychopathology.
