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Exercise As Medicine > Exercise And Mental Health > Flashcards

Exercise And Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is depression

A

Pathological state of extreme dejection or melancholy often occupancies with physical symptoms

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2
Q

What is stress

A

The body’s response to a demanding situation

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3
Q

What effects were resistance and aerobic training on anxiety

A

Had similar benefits for anxiety

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4
Q

What is the usual care for exercise as medicine?

A

CBI or supportive counselling

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5
Q

Who responded better to treatment in the study by Hallgren et al. (2016)?

A

Those with higher levels of physical activity

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6
Q

What was the focus of the meta-analysis by Kvam et al. (2016)?

A

Effects of exercise for treatment of unipolar depression

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7
Q

How many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis?

A

23 RCTs

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8
Q

How did exercise compare to no intervention, control, and usual care?

A

Exercise was better compared to no intervention, control, and usual care

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9
Q

What was noted about the effect of exercise at follow-up?

A

The effect was no longer evident compared to control

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10
Q

How did exercise compare to psychological treatment or medication?

A

Not different from psychological treatment or medication

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11
Q

What trend was observed regarding combined exercise with treatment?

A

Trend towards combined exercise with treatment being better than medication alone

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12
Q

What was the sample size for the study on the effect of dose of exercise?

A

80 participants

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13
Q

How many interventions were analyzed in the study on the effect of dose of exercise?

A

5 interventions

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14
Q

What is the focus of the study by Dunn et al 2005?

A

The effect of intensity of exercise on depression.

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15
Q

How many people participated in Dunn et al 2005 study?

A

59 people with major depressive disorder.

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16
Q

What was the duration of the exercise program in Dunn et al 2005?

A

4 weeks.

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17
Q

How many sessions per week were conducted in Dunn et al 2005?

A

3 sessions per week.

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18
Q

What type of exercise was used in the Sprint Interval Training (SIT) in Dunn et al 2005?

A

25 bouts of 30 seconds at 80% max power.

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19
Q

What type of exercise was used in the Continuous Aerobic Training (CAT) in Dunn et al 2005?

A

20 minutes at 60% max power.

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20
Q

What was the SMD for SIT in Dunn et al 2005?

A

SMD = 1.2.

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21
Q

What was the SMD for CAT in Dunn et al 2005?

A

SMD = 1.1.

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22
Q

What was the conclusion regarding exercise and depression in Dunn et al 2005?

A

Similar improvements in depression were observed for both SIT and CAT.

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23
Q

What is the focus of the study by Minghetti et al 2018?

A

Yoga and depression.

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24
Q

What is the effect of yoga versus no treatment on depression severity?

A

Yoga has a positive effect on reducing depression severity compared to no treatment.

Test for overall effect: Z = 2.09 (P = 0.04)

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25
Q

What associations have been reported between physical activity/exercise and mental health?

A

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have reported associations between physical activity/exercise and anxiety, depression, stress, and fatigue.

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26
Q

What can physical activity/exercise do for mental health?

A

Physical activity/exercise can reduce anxiety, depression, stress, and fatigue.

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27
Q

What is the title of the umbrella review regarding aerobic exercise for depression?

A

The effects of aerobic exercise for depression: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

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28
Q

Depression and inflammation

A

Depression increased in inflammatory illnesses

29
Q

What conditions are mentioned as examples for exercise as medicine?

A

Multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

30
Q

What is associated with increased rates of depression in cytokine treatments?

A

Cytokine treatments.

31
Q

In which patient group are levels of inflammation associated with fatigue?

A

Cancer patients.

32
Q

What syndrome is linked with infection?

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME).

33
Q

What type of inflammation is associated with diabetes mellitus type 2?

A

Low-grade inflammation.

34
Q

How are the dimensions of fatigue often characterized in clinical populations?

A

Often unidimensional and not all dimensions are associated with inflammation.

35
Q

What has stronger associations with inflammation in cancer patients?

A

Physical fatigue compared to mental fatigue.

36
Q

What experimental designs are used to study sickness behavior?

A

Healthy participants receiving placebo or vaccine.

37
Q

What is the title of the study by Karshikoff et al 2017?

A

LH Exercise as Medicine

38
Q

What type of participants were involved in the experimental designs of sickness behavior?

A

Healthy participants receiving placebo or vaccine

39
Q

What assessments were conducted in the study?

A

Assessments at baseline and + 3 hours for inflammation, mood, fatigue, confusion, and performance on task

40
Q

What were the IL-6 levels for vaccine and placebo?

A

Vaccine: 300 pg/ml, Placebo: 250 pg/ml

41
Q

What is the immune hypothesis related to depression?

A

Cytokine treatment (IFN-gamma) causes depressive symptoms.

42
Q

What do medically ill and non-medically ill depressed patients have in common?

A

They both have inflammatory markers.

43
Q

What are the key components involved in inflammation related to depression?

A

Glucocorticoid function, Tryptophan, and Serotonin.

44
Q

What is the title of the article by Kiecolt-Glaser et al.?

A

Inflammation: Depression Fans the Flames and Feast on the Heat.

45
Q

What journal published the article by Kiecolt-Glaser et al.?

A

American Journal of Psychiatry.

46
Q

What is the focus of the article ‘Inflammation and Its Discontents’?

A

The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression.

47
Q

Who are the authors of the article ‘Inflammation and Its Discontents’?

A

Andrew H. Miller, Vladimir Maletic, and Charles L. Raison.

48
Q

What are some psychological mechanisms related to physical activity/exercise?

A

Anxiety sensitivity, positive affect during exercise, self-efficacy, perceived competence, and mindfulness.

49
Q

What are some benefits of exercise as medicine?

A

Improvement in appearance perception (body image), self-esteem, and distraction from stress, anxiety, and depression.

50
Q

What is anxiety sensitivity?

A

A precursor of panic attacks/disorders characterized by fear of anxiety and anxiety-related sensations, and a tendency to misinterpret sensations.

51
Q

How does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) work for anxiety?

A

CBT works through exposure to fear of somatic sensations, arousal reduction, etc.

52
Q

What was the sample size in the study by Broman-Fulks et al 2004 on anxiety and fitness in PTSD?

A

N = 32 with PTSD.

53
Q

What type of intervention was used in the study on PTSD?

A

Aerobic exercise intervention.

54
Q

What was the sample size in the study by Broman-Fulks et al 2004?

A

N = 32 with PTSD

55
Q

What type of exercise intervention was used in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

A

Aerobic exercise intervention

56
Q

How many sessions of aerobic exercise were conducted in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

A

6 sessions in 2 weeks

57
Q

What was the target heart rate during the aerobic exercise in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

A

60-80% HR

58
Q

What assessments were conducted in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

A

Anxiety sensitivity and PTSD questionnaire, Fitness test

59
Q

When were the assessments conducted in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

A

At baseline, 1 week, post intervention and 1 week follow up

60
Q

What is the scoring system used in the LeBouthillier et al 2016 study?

A

Needs improvement, Fair, Good, Very good, Excellent

61
Q

What type of study is referenced in the document?

A

Cross-sectional study

62
Q

What factors were assessed in the study?

A

Anxiety sensitivity, exercise frequency, anxiety, and depression

63
Q

What was the sample size of the study?

A

N= 1,023 adults (aged 18 - 85, mean 46 years)

64
Q

What is the association found in the study?

A

Exercise frequency is associated with anxiety/depression and anxiety sensitivity

65
Q

What mediates the association between exercise frequency and anxiety & depression?

A

Anxiety sensitivity mediates the association

66
Q

Who conducted the study referenced in the document?

A

Broman-Fulks et al 2018

67
Q

What is negative affect?

A

Feelings of energy

Scale: 5.0 Extremely, 2.0 Moderately, 1.0 Not at all

68
Q

What are the bi-directional associations related to physical activity?

A

Higher positive affect, lower negative affect & fatigue → more MPVA
Higher negative affect and energy → more LPA
More LPA and MVPA → more energetic
More LPA → more negative affect and less tired

Liao et al 2017

69
Q

What is the focus of the scoping review by Wright et al.?

A

Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and stress using ecological momentary assessment.

Exercise As Medicine (12 decks)

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