Physical Activity And Older Adults

Question 1

Employment for people 50-69 in 2017

Answer 1

57%

Employment rate for people aged 50-69 in 2017

Question 2

Employment for people 50-69 in 2035

Answer 2

65%

Employment rate for people aged 50-69 in 2035

Question 3

Unpaid caring and volunteering

Answer 3

£119 billion/ year

Total value of unpaid caring and volunteering activities per year

Question 4

Consumers 65+yrs spend per year

Answer 4

£100bn

Annual spending by consumers aged 65 and over

Question 5

What percentage of state pension-age adults are classified as disabled?

Answer 5

44%

Fox et al., Age and Ageing, 2014

Question 6

What percentage of disability is related to mobility?

Answer 6

67%

Question 7

What is the annual decline in lower limb functional ability within 4 years of follow-up?

Answer 7

2.5%

Question 8

What can lead to accelerated biological aging and chronic disease?

Answer 8

Deconditioning and the need for strength and balance activity

Covid-19 pandemic: Public Health England, 2021

Question 9

What is the term used to describe the decline from independence to dependence and frailty?

Answer 9

Downward spiral

Question 10

What are the barriers?

Answer 10

Environmental:
• Weather (i.e. rain, wind, cold conditions)
Darkness (fears of personal safety)
Crime (fears of personal safety, lack of police presence)
Poor bus service
Hills
Lack of local amenities (i.e. post office, food store, newsagents)
Poor accessibility of exercise facilities.

Interpersonal:
Lack of someone to be active with
Limited by partners mobility
Families encouragement to do less/ rest in older age

Intrapersonal:
Health problems (i.e. musculoskeletal problems, fatigue, cardiovascular disorders)
Loss of strength (e.g. whilst carrying shopping)
Fear of falling
Beliefs of being incapable of going out alone
No incentive to be active (lack of purpose, no previous positive experience)

Stathi et al, 2012

Question 11

What are the enablers?

Answer 11

Environmental
- Access to amenities
- Access to green space
- Access to a car or good public transport
- Living close to a bus stop

Interpersonal
- Advice from a physician or verbal encouragement
- Being part of a group where active lifestyle is the norm
- Social enjoyment

Intrapersonal
- Having a positive perception of
- Fear of losing independence
- Reluctance to change habits

Stathi et al, 2012

Question 12

Why physical activity might not bring the desired outcomes?

Answer 12

Decrease
Physical Activity
Increase
Physical Activity
Low Motivation
- Low Confidence
- Low sense of Control
- Cant see the point
/negative attitude to PA
Negative Emotional, Social, Physical Effects
- Dislike
- Pain, discomfort
- Embarrassment
- Disapproval of others
- Conflict w other priorities

Negative emotional, social, and physical effects along with low motivation and negative attitude can hinder the desired outcomes of physical activity.

Question 13

Rationale for ACE

Answer 13

Covid pandemic has led to inactivity and deconditioning in older adults
Inactive adults aged 55+
2019 pre-pandemic 27%
2020 Increased to 32%
2023 reduced again to 27% (Active Lives Survey)

Active Lives Survey data shows the impact of the Covid pandemic on inactivity levels in older adults

Question 14

Barriers ACE

Answer 14

Older adults with mobility limitations
Lack of companion and motivation are strong barriers (Stathi et al., 2012)

Stathi et al. identified lack of companion and motivation as key barriers to physical activity in older adults

Question 15

ACE Participants

Answer 15

1419
Number of daily trips for ANY REASON- could contribute significantly to physical activity levels (Fox et al., 2011)
At least 9 trips/per week outside home to increase physical activity (Davis et al., 2012)

Fox et al. and Davis et al. emphasize the importance of daily trips for physical activity in older adults

Question 16

What is the first lesson for designing successful active ageing programmes?

Answer 16

Use an autonomy supportive teaching style

Example: Allowing participants to make their own choices and decisions

Question 17

What is the second lesson for designing successful active ageing programmes?

Answer 17

Foster fun and enjoyment

Example: Incorporating enjoyable activities and experiences

Question 18

What is the third lesson for designing successful active ageing programmes?

Answer 18

Support social group bonding - but don’t force this on those with busy schedules and active social lives

Example: Encouraging social connections without imposing on individuals with other commitments

Question 19

What is the fourth lesson for designing successful active ageing programmes?

Answer 19

Prompt discussion of participant improvements and achievements

Example: Encouraging dialogue about progress and successes

Question 20

What is the fifth lesson for designing successful active ageing programmes?

Answer 20

Manage transport, timetabling, room size and equipment well

Example: Ensuring logistical aspects are well-organized and suitable

Question 21

What is the sixth lesson for designing successful active ageing programmes?

Answer 21

Set small-incremental goals to promote a sense of accomplishment

Example: Breaking tasks into manageable steps for a feeling of achievement

Question 22

What is the seventh lesson for designing successful active ageing programmes?

Answer 22

Offer extra support where necessary

Example: Providing additional assistance or resources as needed

Question 23

What do peer volunteering initiatives promote?

Answer 23

Getting out and about in the local community

Question 24

What do group-based exercise and social classes target?

Answer 24

Functional ability and independence for people in transition

Question 25

What is the REACT intervention?

Answer 25

12-month group exercise programme including strength, balance, mobility and games

The REACT intervention is a 12-month group exercise programme that includes activities focused on strength, balance, mobility, and games.

Question 26

How many sessions are included in the REACT intervention?

Answer 26

64 sessions

The REACT intervention consists of 64 sessions.

Question 27

What is included in the initial meeting for the REACT intervention?

Answer 27

One to one initial meeting (tailoring)

The REACT intervention starts with a one-on-one initial meeting for tailoring.

Question 28

What is planned at the end of each session in the REACT intervention?

Answer 28

Planned social time at the end of each session (fun)

At the end of each session in the REACT intervention, there is planned social time for enjoyment.

Question 29

How often does the comprehensive health behaviour maintenance programme take place?

Answer 29

Once a month

The comprehensive health behaviour maintenance programme in the REACT intervention occurs once a month.

Question 30

What are the key components of the health behaviour maintenance programme?

Answer 30

Be active, Build strength, Minimize sedentary time

The key components of the health behaviour maintenance programme in the REACT intervention are to be active, build strength, and minimize sedentary time.

Question 31

How does REACT differ?

Answer 31

Prevent or programity disability

Embedded comprehensive
behavioural maintenance manualised
programme

Question 32

Who does REACT successfully target?

Answer 32

Pre-frail and frail older people

Question 33

What is the proven effectiveness timeframe for REACT?

Answer 33

12-months post Intervention

Question 34

What is the basis for proven value for money for REACT?

Answer 34

Actual data, not on modeling

Question 35

Where has REACT been successfully delivered?

Answer 35

Diverse populations (ethnic and economic)

Question 36

What kind of model is REACT for community delivery?

Answer 36

A sustainable model

Question 37

What is the preliminary evidence of REACT’s potential?

Answer 37

Potential for national roll out