Diabetes Flashcards
What are the blood glucose level ranges for diabetes?
Above 7 mmol/L for fasting and above 11 mmol/L for post-prandial
These levels indicate diabetes according to testing standards.
What are the blood glucose level ranges for pre-diabetes?
Fasting: 5.6 to 7 mmol/L, Post-prandial: 9 to 10.9 mmol/L
These levels suggest a risk of developing diabetes.
What are the blood glucose level ranges for healthy individuals?
Fasting: 3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L, Post-prandial: 3.9 to 8.9 mmol/L
These levels indicate normal glucose metabolism.
Fill in the blank: A fasting blood glucose level above _______ indicates diabetes.
7 mmol/L
Fill in the blank: A healthy post-prandial blood glucose level should be below _______.
8.9 mmol/L
True or False: A fasting blood glucose level between 5.6 and 7 mmol/L indicates a healthy individual.
False
What is the HbA1c test?
The HbA1c test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months.
What does a high HbA1c level indicate?
A high HbA1c level indicates poor blood sugar control and a higher risk of diabetes complications.
What does a low HbA1c level indicate?
A low HbA1c level indicates good blood sugar control.
What is the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test?
A test used to diagnose diabetes by measuring the body’s response to sugar.
What are the types of Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests?
- 2-Hour Test - Adult
- 2-Hour Test - Child
- 3-Hour Test - Pregnancy
What is the procedure for the 2-Hour Test - Adult?
An 8 ounce solution with 75 grams of sugar is consumed. Blood is drawn before drinking and 2 hours after.
What is the procedure for the 2-Hour Test - Child?
1.75 grams of sugar per kilogram of body weight is consumed. Blood is drawn before drinking and 2 hours after.
What is the procedure for the 3-Hour Test - Pregnancy?
A solution with 100 grams of sugar is consumed. Blood is drawn before drinking and at 1, 2, and 3 hours after.
What is the glucose clamp method?
A method where insulin is infused at a constant rate while blood glucose is measured frequently to maintain glucose at a normal range.
How many cannulas are used in the glucose clamp method?
Two cannulas are placed in either hand; one for infusion and one for sample collection.
What is insulin sensitivity?
Insulin sensitivity is calculated as the glucose disposal rate divided by the steady-state blood glucose concentration.
What is the formula for calculating insulin sensitivity?
Insulin sensitivity = Glucose disposal rate / Steady-state blood glucose concentration.
What does the difference between fasting and steady-state plasma insulin indicate?
It is a component in assessing insulin sensitivity.
What is the C-peptide level for low C-peptide?
Less than 0.51 ng/ml
What is the C-peptide level for normal C-peptide?
Between 0.51-2.72 ng/ml
What is the C-peptide level for high C-peptide?
Greater than 2.72 ng/ml
What is the likely diagnosis with high blood glucose levels and low C-peptide?
Type 1 Diabetes
What is the likely diagnosis with high blood glucose levels and high C-peptide?
Type 2 Diabetes