Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Flash Cards For Relevant Exam Rhematoid Arhritis > Impact Of Exercise Immune System Health > Flashcards

Impact Of Exercise Immune System Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the time period associated with athletes and acute respiratory illness in the timeline of exercise immunology?

A

1990-2009

This period highlights research focusing on the impact of exercise on respiratory health among athletes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the acute changes observed in basic immune cell counts?

A

1900-1979

This era marks the initial studies on how exercise affects immune response through changes in immune cell populations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is one key focus of exercise guidelines from 2010 to now?

A

Informing Exercise Guidelines

This period emphasizes the integration of immunological research into practical exercise recommendations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fill in the blank: The timeline of exercise immunology spans from _______ to present.

A

[1900-Now]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: The timeline of exercise immunology includes a focus on nutrition from 1990-2009.

A

True

Nutrition was a significant theme during this period, exploring its relationship with exercise and immunity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What major theme is associated with the timeline of exercise immunology from 1980-1989?

A

Athletes and acute respiratory illness

This theme explores how exercise impacts respiratory health, particularly in athletic populations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the significance of the period from 2010 to now in exercise immunology?

A

Informing Exercise Guidelines

Research during this time aims to create evidence-based recommendations for exercise and health.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the immune system defend against?

A

The immune system defends our bodies against foreign pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What types of pathogens does the immune system protect against?

A

The immune system protects against viruses, bacteria, and fungi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can you give an example of a virus that the immune system defends against?

A

An example of a virus is the common cold or rubella (Ru).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can you give an example of a bacterium that the immune system defends against?

A

An example of a bacterium is pneumonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can you give an example of a fungus that the immune system defends against?

A

An example of a fungus is yeast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two branches of the immune system?

A

The two branches of the immune system are Innate (non-specific) and Adaptive (specific).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a fundamental principle of immunity?

A

A fundamental principle of immunity is being able to recognise ‘self’ vs. ‘non-self’ and ‘altered self’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some components of the immune system?

A

Components of the immune system include adenoids, tonsils, bone marrow, Peyer’s patches, and the appendix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the components of the Innate Immune System?

A

Neutrophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs)

These cells play a crucial role in the body’s first line of defense against pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the components of the Adaptive Immune System?

A

Plasma Cells, Memory T-cells, Dendritic Cells, Mast Cells

These components are responsible for the body’s specific immune response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some examples of physical barriers in Innate Immunity?

A

Tears, Saliva, Skin, Stomach acid, Gut bacteria, Mucosal membranes, Flushing action of urine

These barriers help prevent foreign substances from entering the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do physical barriers prevent infection?

A
  1. Trapping microbes by skin cells or mucus 2. Killing microbes with antibodies in tears, saliva, and mucus 3. Removing microbes through shedding skin, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, or flushing bodily fluids

These actions help eliminate potential pathogens before they can cause harm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are white blood cells also known as?

A

Leukocytes

They are essential components of the immune system, involved in protecting the body against infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the innate immune system?

A

‘Innate’ or ‘non-specific’ immune system that works together to protect the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

Neutrophils are a type of cell that makes up 60% of blood and are rapid responders to infection/stress.

They exit the blood to enter tissues, engulf microbes through phagocytosis, and kill via the release of toxic molecules (respiratory burst).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Monocytes are a type of phagocyte that makes up 3-9% of blood.

They leave the blood to form macrophages in tissues and are antigen presenting cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are natural killer cells?

A

Natural killer cells make up 1-6% of blood and destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells.

They produce proteins, such as ‘cytokines’, to kill infected/transformed cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do innate immune cells recognize?

A

Innate immune cells recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are non-specific.

26
Q

What are complement proteins?

A

Complement proteins are made in the liver and circulate as inactive proteins in the blood (>30 proteins).

27
Q

How do certain complement proteins function?

A

Certain complement proteins can bind to antibodies or patterns on microbes (e.g., bacteria) or dead cells.

28
Q

What do complement proteins form?

A

These proteins form complexes that recruit phagocytes to the site via chemical gradients (complement cascade).

29
Q

What are cytokines?

A

Cytokines are proteins that can be released from innate immune cells to coordinate the immune response and signal to adaptive immune cells.

30
Q

What is the complement cascade?

A

The complement cascade is a process where complement proteins recruit phagocytes to the site of infection.

31
Q

What is the role of the membrane attack complex?

A

The membrane attack complex consists of multiple complement proteins that help in the immune response.

32
Q

What are T cells?

A

A type of lymphocyte developed in the thymus (20-40% of blood).

T cells release cytokines that kill virus infected cells or tumors.

33
Q

What is the role of regulatory T cells?

A

They balance the responses of T cells.

34
Q

What are B cells?

A

A type of lymphocyte produced in the bone marrow (1-6% of blood).

B cells differentiate into plasma cells & produce antibodies that can destroy the cell.

35
Q

What is the property of T and B cell responses?

A

They are specific and have the property of ‘memory’.

36
Q

What happens when a naïve T or B cell encounters a new antigen?

A

It becomes a memory cell.

37
Q

What is the role of B cells in the immune system?

A

Killing of infected cells and induction of antibodies.

Includes the formation of plasma cells and memory B cells.

38
Q

What is the effect of age on immune competency?

A

Age-dependent decline in immune competency.

This includes decreased thymus production and diversity in the immune system.

39
Q

What are the risks associated with age-related immune decline?

A

Increased autoimmune risk, cancer risk, and susceptibility to infection.

Also affects response to vaccination.

40
Q

What are naive and memory B cells?

A

Naive B cells are unactivated, while memory B cells are formed after an immune response.

They are crucial for antibody responses.

41
Q

What is Inflamm-aging?

A

An increase in inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and CRP.

It is associated with various age-related diseases.

42
Q

What is the relationship between obesity and immune function?

A

Obesity affects the production of myeloid cells and immune responses.

It is linked to chronic inflammation.

43
Q

What is the significance of IL-6 and TNF-a in the immune system?

A

They are inflammatory cytokines involved in immune responses and myeloid cell production.

Their levels can indicate inflammation.

44
Q

What is autoreactivity?

A

Autoreactivity is the immune-mediated destruction of our body’s own tissue/cells.

45
Q

What diseases are associated with autoreactivity?

A

Diseases include Type 2 Diabetes, Graves’ disease, Psoriasis, and Barre syndrome.

46
Q

What are the consequences of autoreactivity?

A

It can be transient or sustained until elimination, resulting in tissue damage.

47
Q

What are autoantibodies?

A

Autoantibodies are potentially autoreactive antibodies that can manifest disease.

48
Q

What role do T cells play in autoreactivity?

A

Autoreactive T cells can contribute to the immune-mediated destruction of tissues.

49
Q

What is the significance of T cell trafficking to tumors?

A

Trafficking of T cells to tumors (CTLs) is important for immune response.

50
Q

What is the role of danger signals from tumors in immunocompetent individuals?

A

Danger signals from the tumor recruit innate & adaptive immune cells, which eliminate cancerous cells.

51
Q

How do tumor cells evade elimination by the immune system?

A

Tumor cells can adopt mechanisms to silence the cytotoxic capabilities of immune cells.

52
Q

What has contributed to the rise of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

A

Immunotherapy has exploded as a therapeutic intervention for cancer treatment, including cytokine therapies, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell transfers.

53
Q

What is the focus of ‘Exercise as Medicine’ Part 2?

A

The impact of acute and chronic exercise on immunity.

54
Q

What are the key components involved in cancer immunity?

A

Priming and activation of APCs & T cells, cancer antigen presentation, trafficking and infiltration of T cells, recognition and killing of cancer cells.

55
Q

What are the two types of immune cells?

A

Regulatory Immune Cells (maintain tolerance) and Effector Immune Cells (immune response)

56
Q

What is homeostasis in the context of immune function?

A

Homeostasis refers to the balance and stability of the immune system.

57
Q

How can we measure immune function?

A

Through self-reported illness and cellular level assessments.

58
Q

What self-reported illness can indicate immune function?

A

Upper respiratory tract infections - number and severity.

59
Q

What cellular level metrics can be used to measure immune function?

A

Concentration of immune cells (T and B-cells, neutrophils) and activation/suppression markers on specific cell types.

60
Q

What is one way to measure immune cell function?

A

By assessing the movement of immune cells towards bacteria or viruses.

61
Q

What molecules can reflect immune response?

A

Antibodies with anti-microbial properties (e.g. salivary IgA) and enzymes with a role in phagocytosis (e.g. lysozyme).

62
Q

What is an example of in vivo immunity?

A

Antibody responses to a vaccine (Flu, Hepatitis B) and wound healing or skin thickening to mild trauma.

Flash Cards For Relevant Exam Rhematoid Arhritis (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions