Review! Period 1

Question 1

What abilities were developed before the Neolithic revolution?

Answer 1

Spoken language, fire, making tools from stone

Question 2

What were foraging/ hunter-gatherer societies?

Answer 2

Small groups of people who traveled depending on availability of plants and animals, could not store food long term

Question 3

What characterizes pastoral societies?

Answer 3

Domestication of animals, more egalitarian than later, followed herds

Question 4

What was the Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 4

Shift from nomadic to agricultural lifestyles

Question 5

What are some consequences of the Agricultural/ Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 5

Constant supply of food, less varied diet, ability to build and sustain cultural traditions, beginning to think of property in terms of ownership, specialization of labor

Question 6

What was one of the most significant advances of the Neolithic Era?

Answer 6

Knowledge of how to use metals> Bronze Age

Question 7

Where was Mesopotamia? What civilizations arose there?

Answer 7

Tigris and Euphrates

Sumer, Babylon, and Persia

Question 8

What characterized the Sumerians?

Answer 8

cuneiform, wheel, calendar, mathematical system using base 60
Polytheism, ziggurats

Question 9

What rose to dominate after Sumer?

Answer 9

The Akkadians- first known code of laws in cuneiform which they learned from the Sumerians

Question 10

What was Akkad overrun by?

Answer 10

Babylon

Question 11

What characterizes Babylon?

Answer 11

Hammurabi’s Code> distinguishes between major and minor offenses, applied laws to mostly everyone

Question 12

Who overran Babylon?

Answer 12

Kassites and then Hittites

Question 13

What did the Hittites learn to do?

Answer 13

Use iron in their weapons- became military superpower

Question 14

Who overran the Hittites and what did they do?

Answer 14

Assyrians- learned to use iron

Hated by those it conquered- frequent uprisings, sent large groups of people into exile- enhanced cultural diffusion

Question 15

Who were the Assyrians defeated by?

Answer 15

The Medes and Chaldeans

Question 16

What did the Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar do?

Answer 16

Rebuild Babylon,

Question 17

What writing system did the Egyptians use?

Answer 17

Hieroglyphics

Question 18

What were the 3 major kingdoms in Egypt?

Answer 18

Old middle and new

Question 19

What did Queen Hatshepsut do and what does this show?

Answer 19

Expanded Egyptian trade expeditions

Women had rights- could buy, sell, and inherit property and do what they wanted with it

Question 20

What was the Egyptian social structure?

Answer 20

Pharaoh
Priests
Nobles
Merchants and artisans
Peasants
Slaves

Question 21

What were the 2 major cities in the Indus Valley civilization?

Answer 21

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Question 22

Who were the Aryans and what did they do?

Answer 22

Nomadic tribes from north of the Caucasus Mountains
Defeated populations of Indus River Valley using advanced weaponry, settled I Indus Valley and gave up nomadic lifestyles

Question 23

What beliefs did the Aryans bring with the Indus Valley conquest?

Answer 23

Belief in reincarnation, recorded in the Vedas and Upanishads
Became basis for Hinduism

Question 24

Aryan social structure formed the basis of what?

Answer 24

Caste system

Movement was allowed, but it became more complex and subcastes were added and mobility was prohibited

Question 25

What characterized Shang China?

Answer 25

Isolated, had ethnocentric attitude because they believed themselves to be at the center of the world
Accomplished bronze workers

Question 26

What type of family structure existed in Shang China?

Answer 26

Patriarchal structure, ancestor veneration

Question 27

Who were the Shang ousted by?

Answer 27

Zhou Dynasty

Question 28

What characterized Zhou Dynasty and what did they do?

Answer 28

Maintained many of traditions and customs developed under Shang
Believed in Mandate of Heaven- would grant zhou power only as long as rulers governed justly

Question 29

What type of system did the Zhou develop?

Answer 29

Feudal system-king gave nobles protection as long as remained loyal

Question 30

What we’re he Bantu migrations?

Answer 30

Farmers from W. Africa began migrating south and east, bringing languages and knowledge of agriculture and metallurgy

Question 31

What civilizations existed in the Americas before 600 BCE

Answer 31

Olmec in Mexico and chavin in Andes

Question 32

What is different about the Olmec and Chavin than other civilizations during this time period?

Answer 32

Same patterns of development occurred in entirely different parts of globe
Didn’t develop in river valley