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AP World History > Ch 31: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 > Flashcards

Ch 31: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the iron curtain?

A

Winston Churchill’s term for Cold War division between the East and West

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2
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

the state of political tension and military rivalry between the US and their allies and the USSR and their allies

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3
Q

What was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

A

military alliance established by US and W. Europe

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4
Q

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A

military alliance created by USSR

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5
Q

What was the United Nations?

A

international peace organization

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6
Q

What were the 2 main bodies of the UN?

A

General Assembly- members from all states

Security Council- 5 permanent members- China, France, GB, US, USSR

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7
Q

What power did the Security Council have?

A

veto power

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8
Q

What did a flood of new members to the UN after the decolonization of Africa cause?

A

a voting majority that was more concerned with poverty, racial discrimination, and the struggle against imperialism than the Cold War
W. pwrs increasingly disregarded the GA

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9
Q

What did the World Bank do?

A

provided funds for reconstructing Europe and helping needy countries after the war

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10
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

US provided billions of $ in aid to friendly European countries, mostly in the form of food, raw materials, and other goods

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11
Q

What was the European Community?

A

enlarged alliance between European countries

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12
Q

What did prosperity cause in W. Europe?

A

Increased wages, government spending on health care and unemployment, increase in mass consumer society

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13
Q

What was growth in the Soviet Union like?

A

rapid at first, then control of the economy became less efficient

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14
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

offered military aid to help Turkey and Greece resist Soviet military pressure and subversion

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15
Q

What led to the creation of the Warsaw Pact?

A

W. pwrs’ decision to let W. Germany rearm within the limits set by NATO

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16
Q

What defeated the USSR blockade in E. Germany?

A

airlifts of food and fuel

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17
Q

World War II left who in control of Korea?

A

Soviet troops in control north of 38th parallel, Americans in control of South

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18
Q

What caused the Korean War?

A

North Korea invaded South Korea

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19
Q

What was the resolution of the Korean War?

A

truce, but no peace treaty concluded it

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20
Q

How did Japan benefit from the Korean War?

A

massive purchasing of supplies and spending by US stimulated the economy

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21
Q

Who’s coalition fought the French with help from PRC in Vietnam?

A

Ho CHi MInh’s nationalist colition Viet Minh

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22
Q

Where did Viet Minh take over?

A

north

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23
Q

JFK decided to support S. Vietnam and engaged in what?

A

Vietnam War

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24
Q

What did the 2 parts of Vietnam become united under?

A

north

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25
Q

What was the Cuban missile crisis?

A

USSR deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba in response to US efforts to overthrow the government of Cuba

26
Q

What was the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

A

agreement to ban testing of nuclear weapons

27
Q

What were the Helsinki Accords?

A

affirmed that no boundaries should be changed by military force

28
Q

What was an offshoot of the nuclear arms race?

A

Space exploration!!!!!! =D Sputnik!!!

29
Q

What added to tensions of independence in India?

A

Hindu ruler of Jammu and Kashmir decided to join India without consulting majority Muslim subjects

30
Q

What was the war between India and Pakistan over?

A

Kashmir

31
Q

What did Pakistan break up into?

A

Bengal-speaking e. section became Bangledesh

32
Q

The postwar French government was determined to keep what?

A

Algeria

33
Q

What was the Front de Liberation National?

A

supported by Egypt and Arabs on principle that all Arab peoples should be able to choose own governments

34
Q

What happened when Algeria won the revolt?

A

Angry colonists returned to France, which undermined the Algerian economy because few Arabs had technical training or management experience

35
Q

Most of the independence in Sub-Saharan Africa was achieved through what?

A

negotiation

36
Q

In colonies with significant white settler minorities African peoples had to resort to what?

A

armed struggle

37
Q

What did educated African nationalists use to help build multiethnic coalitions?

A

languages introduced by colonial governments

38
Q

Who was Kwame Nkrumah and what did he do?

A

prime minister of Ghana, first British colony in S. Africa to gain independence

39
Q

What delayed the independence process in Kenya?

A

Kenya coffee planters- “Mau Mau”

40
Q

African leaders in Sub-Saharan French colonies were more reluctant to what?

A

call for full independence

41
Q

Most new African politicians who sought election were civil servants which means that they what?

A

recognized the importance of French public investment and dependence on civil service salaries

42
Q

South African governments had constructed a state and society based on what?

A

apartheid/ racial separation

43
Q

What continued in Latin America after independence?

A

European and American economic domination

44
Q

What was Guatemala’s largest landowner?

A

US corporation United Fruit Co.

45
Q

What did United Fruit Co. do?

A

kept a lot of fields fallow to surpress banana production and keep prices high

46
Q

What happened to Arbenz when he tried land reform and tried to decrease US political influence?

A

CIA sponsored takeover by Guatemalan military removed Arbenz, condemned Guatemala to decades of government instability and violence

47
Q

When Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgencio Batista, what did he do?

A

redistributed land, lowered urban rents, increased wages, transferred 15% of national income from rich to poor, seized property of almost all US corps and elite

48
Q

To achieve his transformation, Castro sought economic support from who which caused what?

A

USSR, US suspended sugar agreement, sought to destabilize the Cuban economy, CIA landed at Bay of Pigs in attempt to overthrow Castro- Cuban army won and placed nuclear weapons in Cuba

49
Q

What were nonaligned nations/ the Third World?

A

developing countries that announced neutrality in the Cold War

50
Q

What was the Badung Conference?

A

beginning of effort by new, poor, non- European nations to gain influence

51
Q

What did the Cold War do to Japan and what were they able to do because of it?

A

isolated and excluded from most world political issues, able to develop economic strength

52
Q

What were the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution?

A

failed revolutionary reforms and a campaign to purge the Communist Party of opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation

53
Q

The rift between the PRC and USSR was so wide that Nixon allowed the PRC to do what?

A

join UN, occupy China’s permanent seat on Security Council

54
Q

The General Assembly voted in favor of doing what with Palestine?

A

partitioning it into 2 states

55
Q

What happened after Palestine was partitioned into 2 states?

A

Jewish declared independence, Palestinians, who felt land division= unfair, took up arms but Israel prevailed

56
Q

What was the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?

A

organization to promote collective interest in increased revenues among oil-producing states

57
Q

Instead of focusing on involving itself with world affairs after WWII, what did Japan focus on?

A

improving economy

58
Q

What happened in China immediately following WWII?

A

Mao Zedong and communists defeated nationalists, established PRC and began to politically diverge from USSR

59
Q

How was Israel created?

A

Division of Palestine

60
Q

What was the 6 Day War of 1967?

A

Israel attacked Egyptian and Syrian air bases, won

Jordan entered war- Israel won control of Jerusalem

AP World History (34 decks)

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